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Air Quality in Europe 1999

Air Quality in Europe 1999. Steinar Larssen, Kevin J. Barrett, Jaroslav Fiala, Justin Goodwin, Leif Otto Hagen, Jan F. Henriksen, Frank de Leeuw and Leonor Tarrason State-Impact-Trends-Causes-Responses. Overview of Report. DPSIR SI – DP – R D riving forces

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Air Quality in Europe 1999

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  1. Air Quality in Europe 1999 Steinar Larssen, Kevin J. Barrett, Jaroslav Fiala, Justin Goodwin, Leif Otto Hagen, Jan F. Henriksen, Frank de Leeuw and Leonor Tarrason State-Impact-Trends-Causes-Responses EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  2. Overview of Report • DPSIR SI – DP – R • Driving forces • Health-affecting AP State • Ecosystems-affecting AP Impact • Materials-affecting AP Causes (Pressure) • Responses to policies EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  3. Development in Driving forces EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  4. Indicators EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  5. Pressures – Sectoral contributions Potential Impacts Potential Pollutant Contributing Economic Sector Drivers Emission Pressures Health Materials 0 % 0 % Ecosystems PM10 6 % 34 % 18 % 32 % 8 % 0 % 0 % 0 % Nitrogen oxides 6 % 16 % 13 % 65 % 2 % Tropospheric Ozone 8 % 12 % 53 % 4 % 20 % 3 % 1 % 1 % 0 % Sulphur dioxide 61 % 9 % 5 % 7 % 1 % 0 % Acidifying potential 26 % 13 % 25 % 31 % 4 % 1 % 1 % Eutrophying 3 % 8 % 7 % 34 % 46 % potential 0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 % Energy Industry Transport Agriculture Waste Other Fugitive Emissions EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  6. Selected health-effect related Indicators PM10 - 36th highest day (24h) Ozone - 26th highest day (8h) NO2 - Annual average SO2 - 4th highest day (24h) CO - Max 8 hour value EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  7. Health-affecting Air Pollution - Summary EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  8. PM10UrbanBackground,1999 EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  9. PM10 Hot spot,1999 EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  10. PM10Highestcities,1999 EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  11. PM10 Trends EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  12. Ozone atruralstations,1999 EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  13. Ozone trends EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  14. NO2in cities,1999 Urban Background Annualaverage EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  15. NO2 trends, cities EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  16. SO2 in cities,1999 UrbanBackground 4th highestday EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  17. Impact of Urban Air Quality,1999 Population exposure estimate: Percentage of urban population in Europe living in cities where LV is exceeded in places: NO2 40-60% O3 20-30% PM10 10-15% Benzene 50% EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  18. Regional NOx concentrations,1999 EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  19. Total deposition of acidity,1999 H+ equivalentsper hectare p.a. Calculated by EMEP-MSCW EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  20. Trend in acidity deposition Reductions sulphur and nitrogen, 1990-1999 Reduction in Sulphur deposition 1990/92-1997/99 EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  21. Impacts of ozone on crops,1999 EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  22. Impact of acidity, 1999 Average accumulated exceedance of the 5-percentile critical load for acidity (eq/ha/yr), 1999 EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  23. Impact of eutrophication 1999 Average accumulated exceedance of the 5-percentile critical load for nutrient nitrogen (eq/ha/yr) EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  24. Impact of acidity, 1999 Area of sensitive ecosystems in each country exceeding critical load for acidity,1999 EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  25. Impact of eutrophication 1999 Area of each sensitive ecosystems country exceeding critical load for nutrient nitrogen, 1999 EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  26. Ecosystem area potentiallydamagedby air pollution, EEA18 EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  27. Trend in impact on ecosystems, 1990-1999 Area of each country exceeding critical loads Acidity EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  28. Trend in impact on ecosystems, 1990-1999 Area of each country exceeding critical loads Nutrient Nitrogen EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  29. Sectoral contributions to emissions,EU-1999 Potential Impacts Potential Pollutant Contributing Economic Sector Drivers Emission Pressures Health Materials 0 % 0 % Ecosystems PM10 6 % 34 % 18 % 32 % 8 % 0 % 0 % 0 % Nitrogen oxides 6 % 16 % 13 % 65 % 2 % Tropospheric Ozone 8 % 12 % 53 % 4 % 20 % 3 % 1 % 1 % 0 % Sulphur dioxide 61 % 9 % 5 % 7 % 1 % 0 % Acidifying potential 26 % 13 % 25 % 31 % 4 % 1 % 1 % Eutrophying 3 % 8 % 7 % 34 % 46 % potential 0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 % Energy Industry Transport Agriculture Waste Other Fugitive Emissions EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  30. Trends in EU 15 Emissions,1990-1999 EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  31. Trends in emissions Example: PM10, primary + precursors EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

  32. Summary of AQ trends • NO2: Annual average: 12-15% red. (90-99) 19th hour: 6-13% red. (95-99) • PM10: Annual average: 4-25% red. (97-99) 35th day: 17-36% red. (95-97) • O3: Annual average: 20% incr. (95-99) 25th day: 12% red. (95-99) • SO2: Annual average: 50% red. (93-98) EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE

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