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Major Air Quality Concerns in Europe

Major Air Quality Concerns in Europe. AMGI/EURASAP Workshop. Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007. Peter Builtjes TNO, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands and Free Univ. Berlin, Germany. I) General Aspects II) Possible air quality concerns in Croatia III) Some remarks about Waste-to-Energy Installations

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Major Air Quality Concerns in Europe

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  1. Major Air Quality Concerns in Europe AMGI/EURASAP Workshop Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007 Peter Builtjes TNO, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands and Free Univ. Berlin, Germany

  2. I) General Aspects II) Possible air quality concerns in Croatia III) Some remarks about Waste-to-Energy Installations IV) Conclusions AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  3. General Aspects The Clean Air For Europe-CAFE- program: Objectives for Air Pollution: • Achieving levels of air quality that do not give rise to significant negative impacts on and risks to human health and the environment • No exceedence of the critical loads and levels for acidification or eutrophication AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  4. Health:Components of concern: PM10 and 2.5, NO2, O3 • Eco-system:Components of concern: N- and S-, and groundlevel O3 AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  5. Current limit-values, health PM10: • Annual average: 40 gr/m3 • Daily average: 50 gr/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 days • In force 1-1-2005 NO2: Annual average: 40 gr/m3 • Houry mean: 200 ugr/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year • In force 1-1-2010 AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  6. Target value, health O3: 8-hour running mean: 120 gr/m3, not to be exceeded more than 25 days (average over 3 years) AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  7. Still not formally decided PM 2.5: Annual mean: 25 gr/m3+ Reduction of 20 % of urban background between 2010 and 2020 when PM 2.5 above 7 gr/m3(US: 15 gr/m3,WHO: 10 gr/m3 annual mean, 25 gr/m3 daily average) All these limit values hold “everywhere were people can come” example: the sea between Greek Islands AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  8. AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  9. Eco-system N-deposition, S-deposition Groundlevel O3: AOT40 vegetation May-July, 5 ppm.hours averaged over 5 years AOT= Accumulated O3 over Threshold 40 ppb (for health also SOMO: O3 8-hour running mean over 35 ppb) AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  10. AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  11. AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  12. Possible air quality concerns in Croatia • PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 for health might be the biggest problem • PM2.5 has a large component by long range transport • PM10 has a substantial component by long range transport • NO2 has a rather small component by long range transport AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  13. Determination of the regional background ofPM10/2.5 by modelling and observations By observation:Problem is spatial representativeness and “double counting” By modelling:Problem is underestimation of PM10, and to some extent also PM2.5 AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  14. Solution: data assimilation: combining modelling and observations Example: TNO’s 3-D Eulerian Grid Model LOTOS-EUROS with Ensemble Kalman Filter as Data-assimilation Essential: Reliable Emission Data See also www.air4eu.nl AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  15. Anthropogenic PM2.5 emissions over Europein 2000 including shipping AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  16. AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  17. AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  18. AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  19. Some remarks about Waste-to-Energy Installations Municipal Waste: 1) Avoiding 2) Burning 3) Dumping Most municipal waste burning installations about upto 10 % of the capacity of powerstations (amount of waste about 300.000 ton/year) So, normal emissions like SOx, NOx in the order of 10 % of powerstations AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  20. In the EU: Municipal Waste Burning Directive, Directive 2000/76/EU Largest problem with waste burning: HeavyMetals: Cd, Hg, Pb Dioxines Key-aspect: Monitoring of the installations by responsible authorities Ambient dioxine monitoring for example by content in grass AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

  21. Conclusions and Recommendations “A private opinion” PM10 and PM2.5 might well be the largest air quality problem for Croatia Dioxines might well be the largest problem concerning municipal waste burning It is in general recommended to integrate climate and air quality policy AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007

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