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Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL) ( Catford , 1969:20).
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Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL) (Catford, 1969:20). Translation consist in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (Nida, 1969:12). Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/ or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language (Newmark, 1981: 7). Translation is s process of finding a TL equivalent for an SL utterance (Pinchuck, 1977:38). In short term, translation can be defined as transferring a message from the source language into target language into target language by expressing its meaning and the style of language. INTRODUCTION BASIC CONCEPT IN TRANSLATION
Elements of Translation Source Language Meaning/Message Target Language
It can be concluded that translation indicates: Two languages : source language (SL) and target language (TL) or receptor language (RL). Reproducing (the meaning, message, statement, utterance, style) of the SL text into that of the TL text. There are many concept of translation, such as reproduce, replace, render, but one thing is certain that translation is an act of recreating meaning, not creating meaning.
The Actual Words in Translation Equivalent (Catford, Nida and Pinchuck) Similar (McGuire) Textual material or text (Catfordand McGuire) Written message (Newmark) SL Message (Nida) Replacement (Catford and Newmark) Reproducing (Nida)
Text Translation • Unity Idea, wording, coherence, unity (meaning), context. • Meaning and Vocabulary Lexicon (meaning based), diction, register, cultural content, and contextually-based, expression, idiomatic expression. • Style Scientific Formal, Informal Informal Short story, drama, poetry, literary work ancient words, informal, slang. • Structure Grammar (words, phrases, clauses, text, discourse) Cohesive relation Translator must know Structuring rules
Process of Translation ORIGINAL TEXT (source language) TRANSLATION TEXT (target language) FINALIZING ANALYZING REVISING DRAFTING
Types of Translation Word for Word DiadapatberbicarabahasaInggris She can speak language English Masalahhubungan Indonesia dengan Australia Problem relation Indonesia with Australia Literal Translation My cat is chasing your cat Kucingsayasedangmengejarkucinganda. Free Translation Break the ice Basa-basi To kick something around membahas