28.3 The End of Reconstruction

1. 28.3 The End of Reconstruction Main Idea As white Southerners regained power, Reconstruction ended, as did black advances towards equality. Why It Matters Now Reforms made Reconstruction made later civil rights gains possible.

2. CA. Standards • 8.11.1 List the goals of Reconstruction and its political and social effects. • 8.11.2 Identify the push-pull factors in the movement of former slaves to the cities in the North and to the West and their differing experiences in those regions.

3. 8.11.3 Effects of the Freedman’s Bureau and the restrictions placed on freedmen, including racial segregation and “Jim Crow” laws. • 8.11.4 Trace the rise of the Ku Klux Klan and their effects. • 8.11.5 Understand the 13th-15th Amendments to the Constitution and effects on Reconstruction.

4. Today’s Objectives • Know how Reconstruction ended. • Know the deal between Demo. and Rep. that brought an end to Reconstruction. • Restrictions placed on African American in the South. • How the system of sharecropping works. • The migration of African Americans out of the South during Reconstruction.

5. Daily Guided Questions • How did the deal between the Democrats and Republicans over the election of 1876 end Reconstruction? • In which ways did Southerners limit the political and economic power of African Americans? • What occurred in the Plessy v. Ferguson case and how did the Supreme Court’s ruling affect the country?

6. Quick Write • Create a journal entry that is at least 60 words long. The prompt for the journal entry will be: “Pretend that you are a “freedman”, an ex-slave. Write a journal entry explaining your experiences since the end of the Civil War and during Reconstruction. Use what you have learned to create your journal entry.”

7. Grant’s Administration • Anti-Ku Klux Klan Bill of 1871. -Arrested Klansmen for threats and violence. • 2nd term full of corruption and controversy. -Financial crisis, Panic of 1873. • Decline of Republican support. • Democrats regained power in the South.

9. Restoring Southern Power • Withdrawal of federal troops. • Full amnesty to ex-CSA. • Helped by KKK and white supremacist groups. • Republicans lose all southern states.

10. Election, 1876 • Candidates tie. • Up to Congress to decide. • Compromise of 1877. • Deal made so Republican Rutherford B. Hays becomes President. -Removal of federal troops in the South. -Railroads connecting South with the West Coast. -S. officials will receive funds for public projects. -Hays would appoint a Democrat in his cabinet. -Demo. are to respect A.A. rights. • Reconstruction ends 1877.

12. Reflect and Share • Take a minute to answer the first DGQ. • Then share the answer with your partner. • Add/Change your answer. How did the deal between the Democrats and Republicans over the election of 1876 end Reconstruction?

13. A.A. Lose Rights • Poll Tax: Personal tax to be paid before voting. • Literacy Test: Test to see if a person could read and write and be allowed to vote. • Grandfather Clause: Voter can skip the literacy test if their grandfather voted before January 1, 1867. • Jim Crow Laws: Segregationkept the races separate.

16. Reflect and Share • Take a minute to answer the second DGQ. • Then share the answer with your partner. • Add/Change your answer. In which ways did Southerners limit the political and economic power of African Americans?

17. Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 • Homer Plessyarrested for sitting in “white only” railroad car. • Supreme Court upholds segregation laws. • “Separate but equal” allowed. -Rule would last until the 1950’s

19. Reflect and Share • Take a minute to answer the third DGQ. • Then share the answer with your partner. • Add/Change your answer. What occurred in the Plessy v. Ferguson case and how did the Supreme Court’s ruling affect the country?

20. A.A’s Hope • “40 acres and a Mule” -Land reform wasn’t pushed as much as civil rights. • Contract System. -Ex-slaves would work for plantation owners for wages. -Little change of treatment from before the Civil War.

21. Sharecropper • A laborer will work another farmer’s land in exchange for a share of the profit. • Landlord would supply everything on credit. -In bad harvest, debts would be higher then money made on the harvest. -Many locked into cycle of debt.

23. “New South” • Industrial growth= raw materials into finished products. -Textiles (cloth). -Iron. -Timber (wood). -Oil. • Agriculture. -Cotton. -Tobacco.

24. A.A. Migrate • Faced widespread violence, prejudice and poverty in the South. • Moved to northern cities or westward in search for economic opportunities. -Forced to the poorest parts of cities.

26. Map Exercise pg. 438 • Go to page 438. • Study the map on that page. • Answer the questions on the right hand side of the page labeled, “Practice the Skill.” • Also answer the questions on page 441 labeled, “Apply the Skill.” Use the map on pg. 438. • You have ten minutes.

27. Study Guide pg. 196 • Copy and fill out the study guide on page 196. • Use your notes and textbook pages 432-437 to fill it out. -READ YOUR NOTES, 80% OF THE ANSWERS ARE THERE!!!! • You have 30 min. to complete it. • If you finish early complete the Checkpoint and Check Your Progress questions in your textbook pages 432-437.

28. Newspaper Article • Pretend you are a reporter during Reconstruction. • Write a newspaper article on any of the events or people we have learned about in this unit. • Make sure to answer the WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHY or HOW in your article. • Final draft is HOMEWORK.

29. Rubric for Writing Assignment 4 Content: Clearly focused introduction; idea development interesting and sophisticated; supporting evidence detailed, accurate, and convincing; perceptive conclusion. Organization: Paragraph order reinforces content; strong topic sentences make content easy to follow; effective and varied transitions. Mechanics: Flawless punctuation and spelling; varied and interesting sentence structure. 100 words+.