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Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Intermolecular Forces. Dipole-Dipole Interactions London Dispersion Forces Hydrogen Bonding. Dipole-Dipole Interactions. Some molecules have an uneven distribution of charge; these are called polar molecules.

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Supercritical Fluid Extraction

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  1. Supercritical Fluid Extraction

  2. Intermolecular Forces • Dipole-Dipole Interactions • London Dispersion Forces • Hydrogen Bonding

  3. Dipole-Dipole Interactions • Some molecules have an uneven distribution of charge; these are called polar molecules. • Polar molecules attract one another when the partial positive charge on one molecule is near the partial negative charge on another molecule

  4. London Dispersion Forces • Instantaneous uneven electron distributions in a molecule can cause induced dipole-dipole effects called London Dispersion Forces.

  5. Hydrogen Bonding • By far the strongest intermolecular force • A hydrogen atom in a polar bond can experience in attractive force with a neighboring Electronegative atom. • This is especially applicable when a Hydrogen atom and highly electronegative atom are bonded in a molecule; one of the most polar bonds known.

  6. Energy of Solvation • The energy of forces between the molecules of the solute are in contest with the energy of forces between molecules of solute and solvent. • Also added to the Energy of solvation is the energy needed to make a cavity in the solvent for each solute molecule to be surrounded.

  7. Carbon Dioxide • Carbon Dioxide is used in Supercritical fluid studies because it’s critical point is in an easily reached range. • At its normal Gaseous state Carbon Dioxide is an extremely bad solvent, but as a liquid it has much better solvent capabilities.

  8. Phase Diagram

  9. Supercritical Fluid • Both Gas and liquid phases have the same densities in this range. • Carbon Dioxide is normally used since it’s critical point is at 73.8 bar and 31.1 degree Celsius, a very easily reached condition Two Separate phases of Carbon Dioxide One Supercritical Phase Of Carbon Dioxide

  10. Uses • Decaffeinating coffee as well as Sewage Treatment. • Control over Density, and Solvation. • Differentiates between enantiomers, paramount in producing medicines.

  11. Experiment Purpose • Show proof that a tailor made molecule could be made to enhance extraction. • Solves the problem of low extraction results that plagues CO2 extraction.

  12. Experiment Setup • Uses a CO2 extraction device made in the lab to run super critical CO2 through a powder. • After the CO2 is bubbled through Methanol and this solution is run in a HPLC to discover the contents. • Different mixtures of chemicals are extracted to see how the chemicals affect each other’s solvation.

  13. Results • Certain interactions cause a decent increase in product: • Pi-Pi benzene ring interaction • Hydrogen bonding between the molecules • Why?

  14. THE END Any Questions?

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