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Who Lost on Jeopardy, Baby? Europe Before 1500

Who Lost on Jeopardy, Baby? Europe Before 1500. Fertile Crescent Cultures (4000 BC to 550 BC) . Sumerians Akkadians Babylonians Hittites Assyrians Chaldeans Phoenicians Hebrews Persians. Excelled at Navigation Built trading networks Developed an alphabet .

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Who Lost on Jeopardy, Baby? Europe Before 1500

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  1. Who Lost on Jeopardy, Baby?Europe Before 1500

  2. Fertile Crescent Cultures (4000 BC to 550 BC) • Sumerians • Akkadians • Babylonians • Hittites • Assyrians • Chaldeans • Phoenicians • Hebrews • Persians • Excelled at Navigation • Built trading networks • Developed an alphabet

  3. Judaism and the Jewish Diaspora • The Hebrews were a tribe in the Fertile Crescent • They were monotheistic and surrounded by people who were polytheistic • They got kicked out, were allowed to return, got kicked out again (Diaspora) • Abraham • Moses • Saul • David • Solomon

  4. Athenian Democracy • Greek City States (around 500 BC) • Socrates, Aristotle, Plato, Homer, Thucydides • Athens developed a direct democracy—a form of government where an assembly of ordinary citizens makes decisions • The Persian Wars

  5. The Hellenistic World

  6. The Roman Republic • Romans overthrow the kind in 509 BC • The form a republic—a form of government in which people choose representatives to govern them • A code of law defined the rights of citizens • Representative Democracy • Veto, Forum, Senate, consuls, “innocent until proven guilty” • What is our Greco-Roman heritage?

  7. The Spread of Christianity • What religion was Jesus? • Where was he from? • Who ruled this land at the time? • Why was he put to death? • What happened to the early Christians? • Who was Paul? • Who was Constantine? • Who was Theodosius?

  8. The Fall of the Roman Empire • Through conquest and trade, Greek culture spread to the Italian peninsula • The Romans overthrew the king and established a Republic with a strong military • Julius Caesar was declared “Dictator for Life” • Augustus Caesar was declared “First Citizen” and the Roman Republic officially ends • The Roman Empire expands to include most of Europe, the Middle East and Northern Africa; it reaches its height in 117 AD • The PaxRomana (Roman Peace) lasts from 27 BC to 180 AD • Weak leaders, civil war and economic troubles led to the weakening of the Roman Empire • Diocletian splits the empire into two in 284 AD • Constantine built a capital (Constantinople) in Byzantium, which became the powerful Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) • Attila the Hun invaded Northern Europe, forcing the Germanic tribes into Italy in the mid 400’s. • In 476, Odoacer overthrew the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire; this also marks the start of the Middle Ages

  9. The Schism of 1054 • The Eastern Church became the Orthodox Church • The Western Church remained the Roman Catholic Church • Most of Europe was fragmented into small states under a feudal system • Feudalism is a system in which a ruler grants pats of his land to lords • The lords owe the king military service and financial assistance • The lords then lease out the land to lesser lords who lease out the land to even lesser lords who lease out the land….

  10. The Crusades • In 1095, Pope Urban II declared a holy war to take back the Holy Land • Their were 9 crusades over a 200 year period and none were successful • Economic Changes: The Crusaders wanted goods they encountered, and trade increased • Political Changes: Many knights and nobles were killed, and the kings seized their lands and became more powerful • Social Changes: All non-Christians were seen as the enemy; Jews and Muslims were persecuted DEEP QUESTION: WHY DID THE EUROPEANS WANT A SEA ROUTE TO EUROPE? (RHYMES WITH MACBEATH!)

  11. The Renaissance • Rebirth of learning • Interest in classical texts (which were often non-Christian) • Science and invention flourished • Movable Type/Printing Press (invented by Gutenberg) was a major paradigm shift! • Small, powerful nation-states began to emerge in Europe • Machiavelli, Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Galileo, Shakespeare, etc. • Plus, there is now coffee and tea!

  12. The Reformation • In 1517, a German monk named Martin Luther demanded that the Catholic Church make serious reforms • He declared that Jesus, not the pope, was the head of the church • His followers were called Protestants • This group split into many churches • Wars between Catholics and Protestants occurred throughout Europe

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