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1750 – 1914 Overview (Why 1750 –1914?)

1750 – 1914 Overview (Why 1750 –1914?). Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology. Patterns of World Trade Who, where, what, how in 1750? What will and won’t change by 1914?. Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology. Modes of Transportation/ communication

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1750 – 1914 Overview (Why 1750 –1914?)

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  1. 1750 – 1914 Overview(Why 1750 –1914?)

  2. Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology • Patterns of World Trade • Who, where, what, how in 1750? • What will and won’t change by 1914?

  3. Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology • Modes of Transportation/ communication • Impact of railroad, steam, telegraph • Suez Canal, Panama Canal

  4. Suez Canal Suez canal opened in 1869

  5. Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology • Industrial Revolution • Origins of I.R. – where, what and when • Rationale of capitalism – Adam Smith • Impact of I.R. on time, family, work, labor • Relationship of nations during I.R. • Intellectual responses to I.R. – Marxism, socialism

  6. Power loom Fatcat Milltown Miner Streetchildren

  7. Demographic and Environmental Changes • Migration – Immigration • Why? • Where?

  8. Demographic and Environmental Changes • End of Atlantic Slave Trade • New Birthrate Patterns • Disease prevention and eradication • Food Supply

  9. Changes in Social and Gender Structure • Industrial Revolution • Commercial developments • Tension between work patterns and ideas about gender • Emancipation of Serfs and Slaves

  10. Changes in Social and Gender Structure • Women’s emancipation movements

  11. Political Revolutions and Independence Movements • Latin American Independence Movements • Why? Simon Bolivar

  12. Political Revolutions and Independence Movements • Revolutions • Why Revolution now? • Where? • United States (1776) • France (1789) • Haiti (1803) • Mexico (1910) • China (1911)

  13. Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Haitian Revolution Toussaint L’Ouverture

  14. Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Mexican Revolution

  15. Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Chinese Revolution Dr. Sun Yat Sen Manchus

  16. New Political Ideas • Rise of Nationalism • Growth of Nation-states/ empires

  17. New Political Ideas • Movements of Political Reform • Jacobins in France • Taiping Rebellion in China

  18. New Political Ideas • Rise of Democracy and its limitations • Reform • Women • Racism • Social Darwinism • Herbert Spencer

  19. Rise of Western Dominance • Patterns of Expansion • Imperialism and Colonialism • African continent, much of Asia, and Oceania • Ethiopia and Siam • Hawaii and New Zealand

  20. Rise of Western Dominance Scramble for Africa

  21. Rise of Western Dominance • Economic, Political, Social, Cultural, & Artistic

  22. Rise of Western Dominance • Cultural and Political Reactions to western dominance (reform, resistance, rebellion, racism, nationalism) • Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration • Russia– Reforms and Rebellions • Siam and Ethiopia-- defensive modernization • China--Boxer Rebellion • Islamic and Chinese responses compared • Impact of Changing European Ideologies on Colonial Administrations

  23. Rise of Western Dominance • Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration

  24. Rise of Western Dominance • China—Boxer Rebellion

  25. Diverse Interpretations • Modernization theory debates • Cause of serf and slave emancipation? • Nature of women’s roles at the time in industrial areas? In colonial societies? Elite versus lower class?

  26. Comparisons • Industrial revolution in western Europe and Japan (causes and early phases) • Revolutions (American, French, Haitian, Mexican, and Chinese) • Reaction to foreign domination in Ottomans empire, China, India and Japan.

  27. Ottomans- 19th century Young Turk Revolutionaries The Last Sultans

  28. Comparisons • Nationalism • Forms of intervention in 19th century Latin America and Africa • Roles and conditions of upper/ middle versus working/ peasant class women in western Europe

  29. European women 19th century Queen Victoria’s family British family in India Russian peasant family

  30. Conclusions • What are the global processes that are at play? Which have intensified? Diminished? • Predict how the events of the 19th century are a natural culmination of earlier developments. • Speculate what historical events in the 19th century would have most surprised historians of earlier eras.

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