1914-1918: The World at War

1. 1914-1918:The Worldat War

2. Differing Viewpoints • “Family Feud” • “Fall of the Eagles” • “The War to End All Wars” • “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

3. Causesof theWar

4. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Great Britain, France, Russia Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria, Italy

5. Formation of Alliances • Germany wanted to isolate from France so they could not regain Alsace Lorraine • Austria and Russia quarreling over the Balkans • Italy was angry at France for annexing Tunisia • Germany and Russia agreed to remain neutral if attacked. Treaty was dropped 2 years later by the Germans. • Russia and France signed treaty • British join with the French

6. Alliance System • With the formation of both Alliances it became evident that any future conflict would lead to a world wide conflict.

7. Series of Crisis • In Africa a French takeover of Morocco angered the Germans. • In Europe conflicts in the Balkans continued to escalate • Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina instead of allowing Serbians to rule independently • First and Second Balkan Wars (1912-1913) Ottoman Empire lost most European territories to European countries or to the newly created Albania • Armenian Genocide- over 1 million Armenian Christians killed by Muslim Ottomans • Ottomans believed Armenians were supporting Russia against the Ottomans

8. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

9. The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

10. Europe in 1914

11. 2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.

12. 3. Imperial Rivalries

13. 4. Nationalism

14. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The“Powder Keg”of Europe

15. The“Spark”

16. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

17. The Assassination: Sarajevo

18. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip

19. Who’s To Blame?

20. The Coming of War • The Leader of Austria was assassinated by Serbian Independence Group “The Black Hand” • Austria decides to crush Serbia • Russia declares war on Austria • Germany declares war on Russia, France • Britain declares war on Germany • Japan joined Triple Entente • Ottoman empire joined Central Powers

21. A Multi-Front War

22. The Western Front

23. The Western Front

24. The Schlieffen Plan

25. Schlieffen Plan • Germans sweep through Belgium, knock out France b/f Russia mobilizes • Held of by British- Trench Warfare begins

26. Trench Warfare

27. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

28. Verdun – February, 1916 • German offensive. • Each side had 500,000 casualties.

29. The Somme – July, 1916 • 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. • Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

30. New Weapons During WWI

31. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

32. French Renault Tank

33. British Tank at Ypres

34. U-Boats

35. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

36. The Zeppelin

37. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers

38. Poison Gas Machine Gun

39. German Atrocities in Belgium

40. Recruitment Posters

41. Recruits of the Central Powers A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother Austro-Hungarians

42. New French Recruits

43. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

45. Womenand theWarEffort

46. Financing the War

47. For Recruitment

48. Munitions Workers

49. French Women Factory Workers

50. German Women Factory Workers