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Anatomy & Physiology

Anatomy & Physiology. Directional Terms and Body Cavities. Surface Anatomy. Anatomical Position standing feet together with toes up hands at sides palms facing forward When laying down face down = prone face up = supine Left and Right are from subjects perspective. Anatomical Planes.

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Anatomy & Physiology

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  1. Anatomy & Physiology Directional Terms and Body Cavities

  2. Surface Anatomy • Anatomical Position • standing • feet together with toes up • hands at sides palms facing forward • When laying down • face down = prone • face up = supine • Left and Right are from subjects perspective

  3. Anatomical Planes Anatomical Planes are: • a description of self-space • space immediately surrounding body that is available for movement

  4. Anatomy Directional Terms • Rt and Lf are from specimen perspective • Anterior • the front, before • Ventral • belly side • equivalent to anterior when referring to humans • Posterior (dorsal) • the back, behind • Superior (cranial) • above, toward top • Inferior (caudal) • below, toward feet

  5. More Anatomy Directional Terms • Medial • toward midsagittal plane • Lateral • away from midsagittal plane • Proximal • toward attached body part • the elbow is proximal to the hand • Distal • away from attached body part • the fingers are distal to the shoulder • Superficial • close to the body surface • Deep • farther from body surface

  6. Even More Anatomy Directional Terms • Visceral • Parietal • Medullary • Cortical

  7. Why do we need to know about self- space? • Defines the terms of movement • directional • joint movement • muscle movement • Using formal terms allows us to use fewer words when trying to describe movement • teaching (educational) • medicine (x-ray fims, therapy) • research (biomechanics)

  8. Anatomical Planes • Frontal Plane • aka: coronal plane • vertical plane from head to feet • divides body into front and back halves • Sagittal Plane • vertical plane from head to feet • divides body into left and right halves • Transverse Plane • horizontal plane • divides body into top and bottom halves

  9. Anatomical Movement Terms • adduction (toward) • abduction (away from) • flexion (bend) • extension (lengthen)

  10. More Anatomical Movement Terms • rotation • twisting • medial and lateral • Suppination • rotate so palm faces up or forward • Pronation • rotate to palm faces down or backwards

  11. Anterior Body Landmarks

  12. Posterior Body Landmarks

  13. Body Systems • Integumentary System • skin, hair, nails • protects from disease • storage for fatty tissue • produces vitamin D • sensory input • body temperature

  14. Body Systems • Endocrine System • glands • regulates growth, metabolism, and reproduction

  15. Body Systems • Skeletal System • bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints • protection, movement, blood production, storage

  16. Body Systems • Muscular System • movement, heat, circulation, communication

  17. Body Systems • Nervous System • sensory reception and response • homeostasis • life functions

  18. Body Systems • Cardiovascular System • respiration • waste removal • nutrient distribution

  19. Body Systems • Lymphatic System • to collect and return interstitial fluid including plasma protein to the blood • Defense • to absorb lipids

  20. Body Systems • Digestive System • nutrition • waste

  21. Body Systems • Respitory System • Gas exchange • O2 in ☞ CO2 out • communication

  22. Body Systems • Urinary System • filters waste products from blood • regulation of blood pH, ions, and volume (RBC’s) • produce and secrete certain hormones

  23. Body Systems • Male and Female Reproductive Systems • Offspring production ☞

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