Semester Exam Review

1. Semester Exam Review Please take out your semester exam review guide and two sheets of notebook paper. If you still need to turn in an exhibit, PSI, or unit materials, please turn those in to the box on the back table. Today is the deadline for all quarter materials. If you need to make up the unit test, pull your binder materials together and a #2 pencil – you will complete the test in class today. We will review for the semester exam.

2. Semester Exam Guidelines • Date and Time • No food but drinks are ok • No electronic devices • Stay in the classroom for the entire exam period • Materials Needed: • pens/pencils • notebook paper • completed essay outline for bonus credit • reading material

3. Section I: Multiple Choice • Working with your table partner(s), find the answer to the question(s) assigned to you on the in-class review guide • We will review these together and you can bring the completed sheet with you to use on the exam. • Review your old tests and quizzes for this section.

4. Sample MC Questions The colonists protested the Stamp Act by, among other actions,: • refusing to buy goods from Britain. • refusing to sell goods to Britain. • dumping tea in Boston Harbor. • organizing armed resistance to British forces. Which of the following British measures sought to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party? • Stamp Act • Townshend Acts • Tea Act • Intolerable Acts

5. The American victory at Saratoga was a turning point in the war because it: • was the last major British offensive of the war. • convinced the British to give up the effort to subdue the colonies. • convinced the French to support the United States with military assistance. • forced the British to abandon their occupation of New York City and Philadelphia. The French & Indian War resulted in all of the following EXCEPT: • a large British and colonial war debt. • the end of Britain’s policy of salutary neglect. • the end of France’s North American empire. • the end of Native American threats to the English colonists.

6. The Articles of Confederation established a government that: • still exists today. • gave more power to the states than to the national government. • created a strong central authority. • effectively addressed the challenges facing the nation in the 1780s. The Constitutional Convention of 1787 did all of the following EXCEPT: • created a weaker national government to preserve states’ rights and individual liberties. • hammered out compromises on the issues of representation and slavery. • established a system of federalism that encouraged balance between state and national authority. • created three branches of national government – legislative, executive, and judicial.

7. Under the U.S. Constitution, the legislative branch: • enforces laws. • makes laws. • interprets laws. • does all three. • Anti-Federalists argued against ratification of the Constitution because: • they feared that the national government would be too powerful. • it created a government that would be too weak. • it gave too much power to the state governments. • it included a Bill of Rights.

8. As the first president of the United States, George Washington accomplished all of the following except: • establishment of the first Cabinet. • creation of the federal judiciary. • the purchase of Louisiana Territory. • negotiation of treaties with the British, Spanish, and Native Americans. Why were Democratic-Republicans outraged by the Alien & Sedition Acts? • They believed the laws would draw the United States into a war with France. • They believed the laws violated freedom of speech and the press. • They believed the laws gave too much power to the state governments. • They believed the laws would encourage immigration of foreigners to the United States.

9. Why did the United States go to war against Britain in 1812? • Britain was threatening to invade the Louisiana Territory. • Britain was interfering with U.S. trade and supporting Native American resistance to U.S. expansion. • Britain had allied with France against the United States. • Britain had violated the Monroe Doctrine by interfering in Latin American affairs. In the 1790s, a Federalist would have most likely supported: • a central bank. • limited national government. • states’ rights. • strict interpretation of the Constitution.

10. Washington’s handling of the Whiskey Rebellion established the precedent that: • citizens have a right to challenge national laws by use of violence. • Congress does not have the right to impose unfair taxes. • the national government can violate civil liberties to maintain order. • citizens must use peaceful means to change laws that they oppose. In the early 1800s, the North was best characterized by: • social reform movements and the rise of the textile industry. • an agricultural boom based on grain crops and availability of cheap land. • cotton agriculture and increasing support for slavery. • political opposition to tariffs and a central bank.

11. Andrew Jackson used the power of the presidency to: • veto the rechartering of the Second Bank of the United States. • support Native American property rights. • raise tariffs. • abolish slavery. The Second Great Awakening emphasized: • expansion of voting rights. • personal salvation and moral improvement. • American nationalism. • transcendentalist thinking.

12. Section II: Written Responses • Remember to create an outline for your essay – we will work on short versions of each essay option in class today • Review your PSIs from first semester for the Primary Source Analysis section

13. Essay 1: National Expansion How and why did Americans expand westward in the early 1800s? Consider motives for expansion and territorial acquisition in the years from 1800 to 1850. *Short intro with thesis *Motives *Means *Expansion – trails and territorial acquisition See Ch. 9 and Class Notes 16 & 17

14. Essay 2: Causes of the Civil War What were the causes of the U.S. Civil War? Consider specific events from 1845 to 1860 and how they linked to issues of states’ rights, slavery, and national expansion. *Short intro with thesis *National Expansion Reopens Slavery Debate (1845-50) *Tensions over Slavery Grow (1851-56) *Road to Civil War (1857-60) See Ch. 10 and Focus 18: Road to Secession

15. Essay 3: The Civil War Why did the Union (North) win the Civil War? Consider leaders, battles, documents, and other factors. *Short intro with thesis *Northern advantages/disadvantages *Southern advantages/disadvantages *Major battles/campaigns and Union goals related to slavery and national unity See Ch. 11, Focus 19, and Class Notes 18

16. Primary Source Analysis Here are the questions you will be asked about the document you choose: • What is the title of the source? • Who was the author? • When was it written? • Why was it written? Consider the context of the time period – what was happening at the time? • What is the message of the document? • What is the document’s significance in American history?

17. Document #1 The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world…

18. Document #2 Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.

19. Before we leave.. • Remember to turn in any make up work for second quarter no later than 4:15 p.m. today • Bring all materials with you to the exam session next week. • Make sure to pick up your unit test results before you leave.