Semester Exam Review

1. Semester Exam Review Unit 4 Unit 3 Unit 2 Unit 1

2. Unit 1 • Lab safety • Reading and analyzing data • Measuring

3. Lab safety

4. Reading graphs for data • What can you infer from the chart above about the Milton Family’s Budget? • Looking at the graph above what can you infer about Al & Chuck’s attendace?

5. Measuring • What is a meniscus and why is it important in measurement? • A meniscus is the curve that forms in a liquid in a graduated cylinder. It is always read from the bottom to insure accuracy • How do you measure liquid volume accurately? (What tool do you use and how do you use it?) • Use a graduated cylinder,and read the bottom of the meniscus curve.

6. Unit 2 • Periodic table: Element~vs~compound • Periodic table: Organization (atomic #, Families/ groups, periods, metals, nonmetals, metalloids • Periodic table: Organic elements (CHNOPS) • Chemical and Physical Change • Space: Things needed for life on a planet & space travel

7. Periodic table: Element~vs~compound MgS H2 Ba3N2 K Br KBr Al2O3 O3 NaI SrF2 11) O2 12)Li2S 13)RaCl2 14) CaO 15) AlP 16)KClO3 17)Si 18) AnSO4 19) CuH2PO4 20) Na2Co3 5. Identify each as an element or compound. • Identify which numbers above you might see on the periodic table. • 7. Why would you not see the numbers you did not choose on the periodic table of elements?

8. Chemical and Physical Change 8. Physical change: The physical appearance may change but the composition remains the same. i.e.: melting ice, Harding of butter, cutting paper 9. Chemical Change: the composition changes into something new. i.e.: rusting, oxidizing, fire, smoke, etc.

9. Periodic table: Organization (atomic #, Families/ groups, periods, metals, nonmetals, metalloids 10. Groups or Families: The vertical columns of the periodic table (there are 18) are called groups or families. Elements in the same group or family have similar but not identical characteristics 11. Periods: Thehorizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods. Elements in a period are not alike in properties. 12. atomic number. The atomic number tells how many protons are in one atom of that element. Since no two elements have the same atomic number, no two elements have the same number of protons.

10. 14 13 15

11. Periodic table: Organic elements (CHNOPS) 16. These are biochemical elements – They are needed for life to exist. (CHNOPS – pronounced like chin-ups) 17. They are all on the right side of the periodic table (they are all non-metals) 18. They form organic compounds (Carbon is in all organic compounds along with one of the others) 19. Carbon is found in everything living

12. Space: Things needed for life on a planet & space travel 20. What is the habitable zone? 21. What are the needs of life? • Liquid water • Energy Source • Proximity to the energy source •Atmosphere • A location or area where an orbiting planet is in a perfect location for liquid water to exist • Also called the “Goldilocks Zone” because the location is neither too hot nor too cold, it is just right 22. What are some things that need to be present for a manned space mission? Access to oxygen Energy source (food, fuel, etc) Temperature control Water Protection from dangers of space

13. Unit 3 • Adaptations: desert and grasslands

14. Adaptations: Changes that a plant/ animal make in order to survive in its environment 23. What would happen if an plant/ animal did not adapt? • They would die and the species would face extinction 24. What is the purpose of the phloem and Xylem? • phloem : Transports food (PH sounds like food) • Xylem: transports water (WXYZ= water transported by the xy z-sounding word) 25. What would be some characteristics of plants in the desert? • store water in their stems or leaves, Long root systems spread out wide or go deep into the ground, little need for water, etc.

15. 26. What would be some characteristics of plants in the grasslands? • Extensive root systems, narrow leaves, Grasses grow from near their base, not from tip, thus are not permanently damaged from grazing animals or fire  27. What would be some characteristics of animals in the desert? • Long ear to release extra heat, Lighter color fur, active only at night, etc. 28. What would be some characteristics of animals in the grasslands? • Teeth structure to eat grass, longer necks to reach food in trees, etc.

16. Unit 4 • Reproduction • Adaptations • Energy transformation\ Food web • W.E.D • Catastrophic event • Water Shed

17. Reproduction 29. What is reproduction? • The process by which an organism makes more of its own species 30. What is asexual reproduction? & Describe how offspring compare to the parent(s) • When an identical copy of an organism is produced from one parent. 31. What is the primary advantage of sexual reproduction when compared to asexual reproduction? • The offspring are not all the same. There are more traits within a species. The advantage of sexual reproduction is it allows for a greater genetic diversity (variety) in the offspring. 32. List and describe 4 different types of asexual reproduction. & Draw a picture of each.

18. Adaptations 33. What is an adaptation? & Why is it important? • A structure or behavior that helps an organism survive & Allows organisms to survive environmental changes, organisms must adapt or they will die out/ become extinct 34. What are 5 adaptations of plants and animals found in water ecosystems?

19. Energy transformation\ Food web 35. What is photosynthesis and energy transformation and what happens in the process? • The process in plants where sunlight (radiant/ energy) Water, and Carbon Dioxide is converted to glucose (chemical energy.) and Oxygen is released. And then converted into mechanical energy when the plant moves

20. 36. Which organism competes with the grasshopper for food in this food web? • The birds – they both eat trees 37. Why are the parts of the pyramid different sizes?& Which part has the most species? &Which has the least? Why • The larger levels on the bottom are bigger because the populations are bigger, there has to be more of them to support the levels above them.& If one of the levels is eliminated, the organisms above it will be eliminated as well (they won’t have an energy source)

21. 38. How does energy transfer through the levels of the energy pyramid? Energy moves up through the energy levels of the food pyramid.

22. W.E.D 39. Which areas of the gulf coast will experience the most erosion from waves? List in order from most to least. • A, B, C, D • The area closest to the water will have more wave erosion, the area furthest away the least amount of erosion. The farther areas would only been affected in the case of a catastrophic events such as a hurricane or tsunami.

23. Catastrophic event 40. What is a flood and how does it affect the environment? • When a body of water overflows its normal boundaries when it rains a lot or a lot of ice or snow melts quickly. Increases erosion and fertility of the land. 41. What is a tsunami and how does it affect the environment? • A large wave produced from a volcano or earthquake on the ocean floor, increases erosion, changes the coastline, affects habitats of plants and animals, changes the salinity of the ocean 42. What is a hurricane and how does it affect the environment? • Swirling low pressure storm that forms over warm ocean waters, Causes storm surges erosion of coastline, flooding and unbalance in ecosystem by changing salinity and composition of water, affecting the habitat of plants and animals 43. What is an oil spill and how does it affect the environment? • Oil and gasses are released into a body of water. Pollutes water and beaches, damages habitats of plants and animals.

24. Water Shed 44. What is a watershed? • the land area where runoff collects and then is a water supply to a large lake or river 45. What is a spring? • Springs are underground water source 46. How does or could a spring forming or drying up affect a river? • Forming: If they come above ground, they can make a river • Drying up: cause the river it to dry up if they dry up.