ENUM, VoIP, and “Gangsta Rap” How They All Come Together….

1. ENUM, VoIP, and “Gangsta Rap”How They All Come Together…. Tom Kershaw Vice President, VoIP VeriSign

2. What Is ENUM? • ENUM is a protocol • Born in the IETF • Simple Concept: Use DNS to resolve addresses for VoIP • Approved, Done, and Nothing Controversial • ENUM is a Political Movement • Ownership of Addresses • National Sovereignty • Global Disarmament • Etc. • There is a strong need to separate the protocol/implementation issues from the public policy issues

3. Some Initial Comments on ENUM • Private (Carrier) ENUM v. Public (User) ENUM • Debates, Controversy, Confusion • The Key Points: • Carrier and User ENUM are different and should have different structures • Carrier and User ENUM are consistent and can co-exist peacefully • There is no clear agreement on what ENUM is for: • The wonderful world of the Internet • The wonderful world of the PSTN • The alleged convergence of these two things • OR….Something totally different

4. Current State of ENUM • Public ENUM trials and “production” environments • Austria, Australia, Korea are leading • Volume is very small • Driven by the Internet Community • Dependent on users actually caring • Public ENUM Regulatory Bodies • U.S., Japan • Driven by the PTTs • User involvement is little to none • Private ENUM efforts • Cable • Mobile Operators

5. Drivers for ENUM • The Driver Matters – Results are Different • Internet Community Driven • PTT Driven • Mobile Content Driven • What is the Goal of ENUM – To Drive IP-to-IP Communications that goes beyond traditional voice • People assume that VoIP operators and users are driving ENUM – but they are not

6. Who Cares About ENUM? What are you talking about? I love ENUM! I have all of his CDs! I don’t care about ENUM!

7. VoIP and ENUM • ENUM is not relevant to VoIP yet • Volumes are too small • Japan Case • 10 million VoIP endpoints • 10% x 10% = 5% of calls are IP to IP • Benefits of the query with a 5% resolution rate is questionable • ENUM matters only when you can drive res rates above 25% • Enterprise Verticals • Communities of Interest • Peered Private-Public ENUM structures • IE – we have to drive volume and drive resolution rates up collectively rather than pursuing our own private interests

8. Conclusion: VoIP operators and users do not care about ENUM at present • But there is someone who does care about ENUM…..

9. Who Cares About ENUM? I Love ENUM! ENUM is great! It makes me money.

10. U.S. Case: ENUM and Mobile Content • In the U.S. what is driving ENUM is mobile content • 50 Cent makes more money off of ENUM than all the VoIP operators combined • When a user downloads a ringtone, it is sent to the destination MMSC using SMPP • SMPP requires a mailto: address • ENUM is used to discover the mailto: address of the destination • This application leads to some perverse results • how to you map the phone number to the correct mailto: • what if the number is ported? • what is the number is issued under an MVNO?

11. Business/Regulatory State of the “Roots” • Tier 0: • Only one database controlled by RIPE NCC and ITU (policy only) • Contains participating country codes. • Delegation would be at the NPA level for the US • Tier I: • Several valid country specific public trials – Austria is leading • U.S. has decided to issue a tender for CC1, split into to administrative domains • Lot’s of Boring Trials Going on Now • Tier II: • A Few Interesting Trials Underway • Every Carrier and Cooperative will have a Root • VoIP Tier IIs brag about 500K users; Mobile will be in the 50 Millions soon

12. Current Issues With ENUM • Very few VoIP platforms support ENUM today • Nobody has figured out how to make money from ENUM yet • Nothing in ENUM you can’t do with SIP • Huge political issues over data ownership • Who wants to be the root? • ENUM solves only a small part of the problem • Where you are is easy – how to get to you in a secure, reliable matter is another issue • Mobile Content application is creating a critical mass in ENUM that is not necessarily consistent with the VoIP application

13. ENUM: Missing Pieces • I Know the Destination Domain of the Called Party • I Can Now Query the Destination to Find the IP Address • But: • What QoS Rules are Associated with the Destination • What Protocol/Variations are Available at the Destination • What Network Path to Take • What Security Policies/Keys Are Needed • ENUM provides the information, but assumes the network will be able to figure it out. • Reality: It Won’t (at least not yet)

14. Private IP Backbone Private Peering: Real World Example • IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "E2U+sip" “!^.*$!sip:tkershaw@verisign.com!” • IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+mailto" “!^.*$!mailto:tkershaw@verisign.com VeriSign Private Root Private ENUM Enterprise Location Server Call Control Call Control Call Control Call Control

15. Solving the Underlying Network Problem • Many Carriers & Enterprises utilize MPLS for Real-Time Transport • Connection oriented traffic engineering with bandwidth protection • Quality-of-Service mechanisms (e.g. voice prioritization) • Secure MPLS Tunnels/MPLS Virtual Private Networking • Problem: No Exit • MPLS protects the on-net traffic • There is no way off • Firewalls are never touched Federated Extranet (Domain Bridging NAP) NRD THIG Redundant carrier-grade THIGs utilized by one or more federation members Internet Gateway VoIP Gateway MPLS CORE INTERNET PSTN SITE A SITE B • Internet/External connectivity is a completely separate connection Signaling Bearer

16. MPLS and ENUM Federated Extranet (Domain Bridging NAP) DNS SS7 INTERNET NRD ENUM PSTN THIG MPLS Carrier A MPLS Carrier B DA Corporation A (MPLS VPN A) Corporation B (MPLS VPN B) Corporation B (MPLS VPN B) Corporation A (MPLS VPN A) Signaling Bearer

17. Private IP Backbone Public IP Backbone Public and Private: A Real Example • IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "E2U+sip" “!^.*$!sip:tkershaw@verisign.com!” • IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+mailto" “!^.*$!mailto:tkershaw@verisign.com Austrian Public Root VeriSign Private Root Company 2 Company 1

18. Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Extending ENUM: EREG, DNS Extensions, etc. EREG • IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "E2U+sip" “!^.*$!sip:tkershaw@verisign.com!” • IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+mailto" “!^.*$!mailto:tkershaw@verisign.com Tier 1 ENUM Device Resources Tier 2 ENUM Location Server/Registrar Call Control Call Control Call Control Call Control Perimeter Security and Interop Resources

19. ENUM Issues to Be Resolved • Critical Mass (the Network Problem) • Application developers • Public or private directories • Update rate • One or many - providers, databases, … • Regulatory and policy issues • New identifiers • Coverage • PSTN Service Logic

20. Conclusions • ENUM is currently a mess • Private, Public, Mobile applications are uncoordinated and there is mass confusion • Keep the end goal in mind – creating a public IP infrastructure for applications (voice, video, IM, gaming, etc) • Opt-Out of Opt-In • First to 30 million wins • Anyone doing Private ENUM that is not peering is being short-sighted • And finally…

21. ENUM: The Preferred Protocol of Gangsta Rap

22. Thank You! tkershaw@verisign.com 703-948-4509