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Ancient Peoples of the Southwest 10,000BC to 1500AD

Ancient Peoples of the Southwest 10,000BC to 1500AD. Arizona History Lecture #1 Heidi J. Osselaer. Aztlan Pimeria Alta El Norte The American Southwest. Colorado Plateau. Mogollon Rim. Sonoran Desert. Bering Strait Migration. Approximately 10,000 BC. Paleo-Indians.

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Ancient Peoples of the Southwest 10,000BC to 1500AD

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  1. Ancient Peoples of the Southwest10,000BC to 1500AD Arizona History Lecture #1 Heidi J. Osselaer

  2. Aztlan Pimeria Alta El Norte The American Southwest

  3. Colorado Plateau Mogollon Rim Sonoran Desert

  4. Bering Strait Migration Approximately 10,000 BC

  5. Paleo-Indians Clovis or Folsom tools made of stone, bone, or wood Baskets Highly mobile Traded extensively Petroglyphs

  6. Atlatl

  7. Maize arrives from Mesoamerica around 2000 BC

  8. Corn, beans, and squash also known as the “Three Sisters”

  9. Paleo-Indian 7000 BC and 200 AD Temperatures rise, less rainfall in Southwest Maize (corn) imported from Mesoamerica (Mexico) Hunter diet supplemented with corn, squash, and beans More sedentary life than the Clovis or Folsom people Farming requires cooperation and a system of rules and authority Pottery is more abundant Metates and manos used to grind corn Bows and arrows Lived in pit houses

  10. Metates and manos

  11. Earthen pit house

  12. Earthen pit house interior

  13. Plastered pit house

  14. beans (lysine)+squash+corn= protein

  15. Puebloan People Includes Hohokam, Mogollon, and Anasazi “Pueblo” is Spanish word for “town dweller” More sedentary than Cochise People, but still continued to hunt and gather native plants Lived in permanent villages in buildings made of clay, wood, and plaster Employed dry-farming techniques to grow corn, beans, and squash Worked communally in fields to ensure all members of society were fed Pottery is used in trade

  16. Hohokam

  17. Hohokam Lived in the Salt River Valley Hohokam means “those who have gone” or “all used up” Built pueblo homes and used dry-farm irrigation techniques

  18. Snaketown around AD1000 • Snaketown about 1100AD Snaketown site today

  19. Recreation of a pit house at the Pueblo Grande Museum

  20. Pueblo Grande was built AD500

  21. Pueblo Grande Museum

  22. Excavation of a Hohokam pit house

  23. Excavation site at Pueblo Grande

  24. Ruins at Casa Grande First prehistoric and cultural site preserved by the US government, 1892

  25. Ancient ballcourt at Pueblo Grande

  26. Hohokam ballcourt

  27. Artist concept of Pueblo Grande platform mound

  28. Snaketown pottery

  29. Hohokam red on bluff pottery

  30. Caliche sediment

  31. Excavated Hohokam canal

  32. Hohokam canal system

  33. Canal irrigation of corn

  34. Salt River Project canal

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