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Review: Ions

Review: Ions. Cation: Formed when atoms lose electrons metals form cations Common cations: Grp 1 = +1 Grp 2 = +2 Grp 13 = +3 Anion Formed when atoms gain electrons Non-metals form anions Common anions: Grp 15 = -3 Grp 16 = -2 Grp 17 = -1. Common ions and the periodic table.

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Review: Ions

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  1. Review: Ions • Cation: • Formed when atoms lose electrons • metals form cations • Common cations: • Grp 1 = +1 • Grp 2 = +2 • Grp 13 = +3 • Anion • Formed when atoms gain electrons • Non-metals form anions • Common anions: • Grp 15 = -3 • Grp 16 = -2 • Grp 17 = -1

  2. Common ions and the periodic table Valence electrons & periodic trends allows us to predict common ions for elements.

  3. Predict the common ionic state: Na Mg Br O N Al

  4. Answers: Na+ Mg2+ Br- O2- N3- Al 3+

  5. Naming Ions • Monatomic ions- ions formed from only one element • Cations: simply name the element • Anions: drop the ending and add –ide Examples: Ca2+ = calcium O2- = oxide

  6. Name the Ion: Cl- O2- N3- F- Ba2+

  7. Answers: • Cl- Chloride • O2- Oxide • N3- Nitride • F- Fluoride • Ba2+ Barium

  8. Stock System Nomenclature • Some elements (especially d-block) have more than one ionic state. • Roman numerals are used to identify the charge on the ion. • Examples: • Fe2+ = iron (II) • Fe3+ = iron (III)

  9. Polyatomic ions • Polyatomic ions are ions that are made up of two/more elements. • Most are oxyanions (anions that contain oxygen) and have names that end in –ate or –ite. • Try to familiarize yourself with common polyatomic ions! Examples: NO3- = nitrate NH4+ = ammonium PO43- = phosphate OH- = hydroxide

  10. Naming Ionic compounds

  11. Name the Compound: NaBr MgO CaCl2 KNO3 NaOH

  12. Answers: NaBr – Sodium bromide MgO – Magnesium oxide CaCl2 – Calcium chloride KNO3 – Potassium nitrate NaOH – Sodium hydroxide

  13. Write the formula: • Magnesium bromide • Sodium nitrate • Calcium hydroxide • Aluminum nitride

  14. Answers: • Magnesium bromide – MgBr2 • Sodium nitrate – NaNO3 • Calcium hydroxide – Ca(OH)2 • Aluminum nitride - AlN

  15. Write the Chemical Formula: Sodium Carbonate Ammonium nitrite Calcium hydroxide Aluminum phosphate Magnesium nitride Lithium chloride

  16. Write the Chemical Formula: Sodium Carbonate- Na2CO3 Ammonium nitrite- NH4NO2 Calcium hydroxide- Ca(OH)2 Aluminum phosphate – AlPO4 Magnesium nitride- Mg3N2 Lithium chloride- LiCl

  17. Name the Following Compounds: HNO3 Mg(ClO3)2 H2SO4 Cu3(PO4) Ba3N2 Al2O3 HCl

  18. Name the Following Compounds: HNO3 - Nitric Acid Mg(ClO3)2 – Magnesium Chlorate H2SO4 – Sulfuric Acid PCl5 – Phosphorus pentachloride Cu3(PO4) – Copper (I) Phosphate Ba3N2 – Barium nitride Al2O3- Aluminum oxide HCl – Hydrochloric Acid

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