From Bohr's Rings to Orbitals

1. From Bohr's Rings to Orbitals

2. 1 1 4 4 2 3 3 2 n Orbital types One s-orbital One s-orbital Three p-orbitals One s-orbital Three p-orbitals Five d-orbitals One s-orbital Three p-orbitals Five d-orbitals Seven f-orbitals Within an energy level (n = 1, 2, 3, 4…), there exists n types of orbitals and n2 sublevels.

3. Total #e in energy level, n #e n Orbital types 2 1 2 e One s-orbital One s-orbital 2 e 2 8 Three p-orbitals 3 x 2 e = 6 e One s-orbital 2 e 3 18 3 x 2 e = 6 e Three p-orbitals 5 x 2 e = 10 e Five d-orbitals One s-orbital 2 e 4 32 3 x 2 e = 6 e Three p-orbitals Five d-orbitals 5 x 2 e = 10 e Seven f-orbitals 7 x 2 e = 14 e Note: Each orbital can hold two electrons Within an energy level (n = 1, 2, 3, 4…), there exists n types of orbitals and n2 sublevels.

4. z An s-orbital is shaped like a sphere y x Quantum mechanical model: 90% probability of finding electron within 3D orbital with a maximum energy defined by the principal quantum number, n. (n = the row number on the periodic table) Obj. 2.01

5. z z z y y y x x x The three p-orbitals are oriented along the x, y and z axes and can hold a maximum of 2 electrons each. It’s been suggested that the p-orbitals look like peanuts if that helps you to remember their shape.

6. dz d 2 x2-y2 The d-orbitals dxy dxz dyz Even though the d-orbitals look like two p-orbitals, it is important to remember that each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons regardless of how many lobes it has.

7. The freaky (or flowery) f-orbitals

8. And after spending YEARS looking for them… …the nine g-orbitals!!!