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Quaestio : What sparked the first Crusade?

Quaestio : What sparked the first Crusade?. Nunc Agenda: Work in groups of four to complete the reading questions from yesterday titled “Feud Between Pope and Emperor”. What are the Crusades?.

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Quaestio : What sparked the first Crusade?

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  1. Quaestio: What sparked the first Crusade? Nunc Agenda: Work in groups of four to complete the reading questions from yesterday titled “Feud Between Pope and Emperor”

  2. What are the Crusades? • Crusades = Series of wars fought by Western European knights, at the request of the Pope, with the goal of taking the Holy Land back from the Muslims AND defending the Byzantine Empire from the Seljuk Turks

  3. What are the Crusades, really? • Crusades = Series of (very confusing and poorly organized) wars fought by Western European knights (and other people) at the request of the Pope (sometimes) with the goal of • Taking the Holy Land back from the Muslims, or… • Helping defend Constantinople and the whole Byzantine Empire from the Seljuk Turks, or… • Attacking the Byzantine Empire for Venice, or… • Expelling and killing Jews in Europe, or… • Expelling Muslims from Spain, or… • Getting rid of violent knights, or… • Converting Northern European pagans, or… • Attacking heretics in Southern France, or…

  4. The Holy Land & Jerusalem • Turn to page 259 and find one reason why the city of Jerusalem is important to each of the three Abrahamic religions.

  5. The Holy Land • The Holy Land = Jerusalem and other areas in the Levant region important to Abrahamic religions • Jews: where King David and Solomon ruled, ancient homeland, Western Wall • Christians: (above and) where Jesus lived and preached his message • Muslims: (above and) where Muhammad journeyed into heaven

  6. Situation in Middle East • The Fatimid Caliphate, who were Shia Muslims, controlled Egypt and the Levant (Holy Land) • 1009- Anti-Christian Fatimid Caliph destroyed the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem • His son worked with Byzantines to rebuild it, but it created anger among Western Christians

  7. Situation in Middle East • Mid-1000s- Seljuk Turks arrived and conquered • the Abbasid Caliphate in the Middle East • the Holy Land from the Egyptian Fatimids • Byzantine land in Asia Minor, coming very close to Constantinople • Seljuks at first prevented Christian pilgrims from visiting the Holy Land, but they reopened to pilgrims when they realized it would bring in money

  8. Situation in Western Europe • Church efforts to stop the violent behavior of knights against fellow Christians not working • Already very religious, recent issues like Investiture Controversy(1076) and the Great Schism (1054) made Western Christians more passionately religious • Older sons of nobles received lands, younger sons became landless knights or monks

  9. A Cry for Help • Byzantine Emperor Alexius I asked Pope Urban II (his rival) to send SOME knights to help him fight the Seljuk Turks in Asia Minor • 1095- Council of Clermont: Pope Urban II calls on nobles and bishops to fight a Crusade against the Muslims, accusing Muslims of persecuting Christians, offering forgiveness of sins for anyone who fights • Crusades were a win-win combination of Holy War and Pilgrimage • If you live, you are a pilgrim • If you die, you are a martyr

  10. Speech- Pope Urban II • Working as a group of four, read the first version of the speech by Pope Urban II at Clermont in 1095 and answer the questions • HOMEWORK:Read the secondversion of the speech& answer the questions

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