1 / 108

Guide to process industry valves

valves types and functions

elsayedamer
Download Presentation

Guide to process industry valves

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Valves Technology Process plant equipment Eng. El Sayed Amer

  2. Page 2 Eng. El Sayed Amer Oil and Gas Instructor Valves technology and operations /elsayedameer 01065860658 Eng20072007@gmail.com Bachelor's degree of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering 2012. Current Senior Process and Production Engineer at Suez Oil Co “SUCO” since 2014. Worked for Weatherford drilling international for 2 years as well drilling and completion engineer. Instructor for Oil & Gas Upstream and downstream courses at MTC Egypt, Egyptian syndicates of engineers, OGS & OPA. Member of SPE, AAPG, AACE, NACE, Environmental Geoscience. IWCF , HYSYS process modeling, Eclipse certified. https://bit.ly/2UFSgpn Eng. El Sayed Amer Eng. El Sayed Amer

  3. Introduction Eng. El Sayed Amer

  4. 4 4 Valve definition A valve : is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are designed to withstand pressure, temperature, and flow. Eng. El Sayed Amer

  5. 5 5 Valve definition • Valve cost is up to 20 to 30% of the piping cost for a plant, depending on the process; and the cost of a given type and size of valve can vary 100%, depending on its construction. • The size of a valve is mainly determined by the size of its ends, which connect to the pipe Eng. El Sayed Amer

  6. 6 6 Valve definition Eng. El Sayed Amer

  7. 7 7 valve Functions 01 Start and stop flow (On-off valves) 02 Control or regulate flow (Regulating valves) 03 Prevent back-flow (Check valves) 04 02 Relief over & under flow pressure. Eng. El Sayed Amer

  8. 8 8 Common valves in process industry Eng. El Sayed Amer

  9. 9 9 Main Components • Body. • Bonnet. • Stem. • Disc. • Seat. • Stuffing Box. • Packing. Eng. El Sayed Amer

  10. 10 10 Main Components 1. Body • Main pressure rating part • Hold all other parts • Are cast or forged structure made. • Valve body must be strong enough to take the maximum pressure of the process fluid. • End connected with pipeline Eng. El Sayed Amer

  11. 11 11 Main Components 2. Bonnet • Bonnet contains packing, gland and stem. • The bonnet is attached to valve body by screws or bolts. Eng. El Sayed Amer

  12. 12 12 Main Components 3. Stem • The stem, which connects the actuator and disc, is responsible for positioning the disc. • Stems are typically forged and connected to the disc by threaded orwelded joints. • There are two types of valve stems: rising stems and non-rising stems. Eng. El Sayed Amer

  13. 13 13 Main Components 4. DISC & SEAT • Fluid flow control. I. Start / allow II. Throttle III. Stop flow • The typeof disk definevalve name. Eng. El Sayed Amer

  14. 14 14 Main Components 5. STUFFING BOX & PACKING • Stuffing box is a chamber that holds anti- seal material (packing). • Most valves use some form of packing to prevent leakage from the space between the stem and the bonnet. • Packing is commonly a fibrous material that forms a seal between the internal parts of a valve and the outside. Eng. El Sayed Amer

  15. 15 15 Main Components 6. VALVE ACTUATOR • The actuatoroperates the stem and closing element (disk) assembly. • An actuator may be a manually operated hand wheel, manual lever, motor operatoretc. Hand Lever Gear Operated Chain Operated Hand wheel Eng. El Sayed Amer

  16. 16 16 Main Components 6. VALVE ACTUATOR Eng. El Sayed Amer

  17. Classification Eng. El Sayed Amer

  18. Page 18 Valve Classification 01 According to function 02 According to application 03 According to motion Eng. El Sayed Amer

  19. Page 19 According to function Valve Classification Valve Function Nonreturn Throttling On/Off Check valves Globe valve Ball valve Butterfly valve Gate valve Needle valve Plug valve Ball valve Diaphragm valve Diaphragm valve Eng. El Sayed Amer

  20. Page 20 On–Off Valves Sometimes referred to as block valves used to start or stop the flow Safety relief valves Ball valves Common on–off valves include gate, plug, ball, pressure-relief, Gate valve Plug valve Eng. El Sayed Amer

  21. Page 21 Nonreturn valve A check valve, clack valve, non-return valve, reflux valve, retention valve or one-way valve is a valve that normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction. Check valve Eng. El Sayed Amer

  22. Page 22 Nonreturn valve At Pump Discharges • Used to prevent backflow of fluid, which equipment or upset the process. • Useful in protecting a pump in liquid applications compressor in gas applications from backflow could damage Check Valve or a Isolation Valve Pump A Pump B Eng. El Sayed Amer

  23. Page 23 Throttling Valves used to regulate the flow, temperature, or pressure Common throttling valves include globe, pressure regulation valves Globe control valve Eng. El Sayed Amer

  24. Page 24 According to Applications Valve Classification Valve Applications General service valves special service valves severe service valves Eng. El Sayed Amer

  25. Page 25 According to Applications Valve Classification General service valves Designed for the majority of applications that have: 1. lower-pressure ratings between Class 150 and 600 2. Temperature ratings between 46 and 343°C 3. Noncorrosive fluids, and common pressure drops that do not result in cavitation or flashing. Eng. El Sayed Amer

  26. Page 26 According to Applications Valve rating The rating of valves defines as the pressure – temperature relationship within which the valve may be operated. ➢WOG (Water, oil, gas). Rating used for small valves. ➢WSP (Working Steam Pressure). The high temperature rating. Eng. El Sayed Amer

  27. Page 27 According to Applications Valve rating • ANSI Pressure versus PN • NPS versus DN psi bar inches millimeters 150 16 0.25 6 300 40 0.5 15 600 100 1.0 25 900 160 2.0 50 1500 250 4.0 100 2500 400 8.0 200 4500 700 16.0 400 Note: PN correlates to DIN (Deustche Industrie Norme) pressure-temperature rating standards, which may vary significantly from ANSI pres.-temp. ratings. Eng. El Sayed Amer

  28. Page 28 According to Applications Valve Selection Considerations  1. Pressure.  2. Temperature.  3. Type of fluid.  A. Liquid.  B. Gas, i.e., steam or air.  C. Dirty or abrasive (erosive)  D. Corrosive. 5. Operating conditions  A. Frequency of operation.  B. Accessibility.  C. Overall space/size available.  D. Manual or automated control.  E. Need for bubble-tight shut-off.  F. Concerns about body joint leaks.  G. Fire safe design.  H. Speed of closure.  4. Flow Considerations  A. On-off or Throttling.  C. Is the valve needed to prevent  backflow.  D. Concern for pressure drop.  E. Velocity. Eng. El Sayed Amer

  29. Page 29 According to Applications Valve Selection Considerations Eng. El Sayed Amer

  30. Page 30 Bridge wall Markings Eng. El Sayed Amer

  31. Page 31 According to Applications Valve Classification special service valves 1. Designed for a single application that is outside normal (custom-engineered valves). 2. Handled a demanding temperature, high pressure or a corrosive medium. process applications Eng. El Sayed Amer

  32. Page 32 According to Applications Valve Classification severe service valves 1. Equipped handle volatile applications and high pressure drops trims). 2. Special actuation may be required to overcome the forces of the process. with special features to (highly engineered Eng. El Sayed Amer

  33. Page 33 According to Applications Valve Classification severe service valves Eng. El Sayed Amer

  34. Page 34 According to Motion Valve Classification Valve Motion Linear-motion Valves Rotary-motion Valves Globe valve Ball Valve Gate valve Butterfly valve Diaphragm valve Plug valve Eng. El Sayed Amer

  35. Page 35 According to Motion Valve Classification Linear-motion Valves 1. Had a sliding-stem design that pushes a closure element into an open or closed position. 2. Simple design, easy maintenance, and versatile with various sizes, pressure class and design options. 3. Example: gate, globe, diaphragm, three- way. Eng. El Sayed Amer

  36. Page 36 According to Motion Valve Classification Linear-motion Valves Eng. El Sayed Amer

  37. Page 37 According to Motion Valve Classification Rotary-motion Valves 1. Used a closure element that rotates through a quarter-turn range to open and block the flow. 2. Limited to certain pressure drops. 3. Prone to cavitation and flashing problems. Eng. El Sayed Amer

  38. Page 38 According to Motion Valve Classification Rotary-motion Valves 1. Right tightly = close 2. Lefty Lucy = open Eng. El Sayed Amer

  39. Page 39 According to Port Size Valve Classification Valve Port Full-Port Valves Reduced-Port Valves Eng. El Sayed Amer

  40. Page 40 According to Port Size Valve Classification Full-Port Valves allow for the use of a pig in the pipeline A Example: gate and ball valves B Eng. El Sayed Amer

  41. Page 41 According to Port Size Valve Classification Reduced-Port Valves valves whose closure elements restrict the flow. A flow area of that port of the closure element is less than the area of the inside diameter of the pipeline Eng. El Sayed Amer

  42. Page 42 Valves types Valves Types And Functions Eng. El Sayed Amer

  43. Page 43 Valves Types Globe Valve Globe valve A globe valve is a linear motion valve used to stop, start, and regulate the fluid flow. Ball Valve A Gate valve Ball Valve This movement creates the annular space between the disk and seat ring that gradually close as the valve closed. This characteristic provides the globe valve good throttling ability regulating the flow. B Check valve Plug Valve required for Needle valve Butterfly Valve Eng. El Sayed Amer

  44. Page 44 Valves Types Globe Valve Globe valve Ball Valve Gate valve Ball Valve Check valve Plug Valve Needle valve Butterfly Valve Eng. El Sayed Amer

  45. Page 45 Valves Types Globe Valve Valve components Globe valve Ball Valve Gate valve Ball Valve Check valve Plug Valve Needle valve Butterfly Valve Eng. El Sayed Amer

  46. Page 46 Valves Types Globe Valve Flow direction Globe valve Ball Valve Gate valve Ball Valve Check valve Plug Valve Needle valve Butterfly Valve Eng. El Sayed Amer

  47. Page 47 Valves Types Globe Valve Globe valve Ball Valve Body designs: Z-body, Y-body, and angle A Gate valve Ball Valve Check valve Plug Valve Needle valve Butterfly Valve Y-Pattern Angle Z-body Eng. El Sayed Amer

  48. Page 48 Valves Types Globe Valve Globe valve Ball Valve Disk design : ball disk, composition disk, and plug disk. B Gate valve Ball Valve Check valve Plug Valve Needle valve Butterfly Valve Eng. El Sayed Amer

  49. Page 49 Valves Types Globe Valve Advantages & Disadvantages Globe valve Ball Valve Advantages Disadvantages Gate valve Ball Valve Flow path causes a significant pressure drop. Recommended for throttling applications. Check valve Globe valves are more costly than alternative valves. Good for frequent operation. Plug Valve Easy to repair. High pressure drop Needle valve Noisy in high pressure applications Butterfly Valve Eng. El Sayed Amer

  50. Page 50 Valves Types Ball Valve Globe valve A Ball valve is a quarter-turn rotary motion valve that uses a ball shaped disk to stop or start the flow. Ball Valve A Gate valve Ball Valve When the valve is opened the hole of disk is turned in-line with the direction of the flow. When the valve is shut, the ball is rotated so that perpendicular to flow direction. B Check valve the hole is Plug Valve Needle valve Most ball valves are of the quick-acting type, which requires a 90° turn of the valve handle to operate the valve. Butterfly Valve Eng. El Sayed Amer

More Related