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Reproductive Cycle

Reproductive Cycle. Ch. 28-3. Female Reproductive Cycle. Ovarian Cycle – events in the ovaries that occur during and after the maturation of an oocyte

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Reproductive Cycle

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  1. Reproductive Cycle Ch. 28-3

  2. Female Reproductive Cycle • Ovarian Cycle – events in the ovaries that occur during and after the maturation of an oocyte • Menstrual Cycle – changes in the endometrium (lining) of the uterus to prepare for the arrival of a fertilized ovum that will develop until birth • Female reproductive cycle includes both of these

  3. Hormones of Cycles • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) • Secreted by hypothalamus • Stimulates release of FSH and LH • Stimulate release of egg from ovaries • Estrogens • Secreted by ovaries • Promote development of sex characteristics • Progesterone • Secreted by ovaries • Prepare and maintain endometrium for implantation • Prepare mammary glands for milk secretion

  4. Hormones of Cycles • Relaxin • Relaxes the uterus by inhibiting contractions • Increases flexibility of pubic symphysis • Helps dilate cervix • Inhibin • Secreted after ovulation • Inhibits secretion of FSH and LH

  5. Hormonal Changes Tortora & Grabowski 9/e 2000 JWS

  6. Summary • Cycle is counted from 1st day of last period • Menstruation lasts 4-5 days • Proliferative phase (13 days) • Endometrium fills will tissue and blood • Ovulation occurs around day 14 • Secretory phase (10 days) • If egg is fertilized, tissue stays to care for fetus • If egg is not, menstrual phase begins again

  7. Birth Control • Oral contraceptives (the pill) – inhibits FSH and LH from being released, ovulation doesn’t occur, no egg for fertilization – close to 100% effective • “morning-after-pill” – causes shedding of lining (induces period) to prevent implantation • IUD – prevent implantation in uterus by changing lining • Spermicides – kill sperm, more effective with use of condom or diaphragm

  8. Birth Control • Barrier methods – prevent sperm from getting into uterus (condoms, diaphragm); also helps protect against STD’s • Periodic Abstinence – couple learns “cycle” and abstains during that time

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