The Chemistry of Life

StAIR (Stand Alone Instructional Resource) • Science Content Standard: • Students know most macromolecules (polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) in cells and organisms are synthesized from a small collection of simple precursors. • Objectives: • You will develop an understanding about the structures and functions of proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids • You will learn about the presence of the different macromolecules found in a variety of foods. The Chemistry of Life CLICK TO REVIEW INFORMATION BEFORE CONTINUING Click anywhere to begin

Use this presentation as a unit review before benchmark #2. Go through the quizzes to help you assess your understanding of the subject. Below are symbols that you will see throughout the StAIR. Quiz Click on this button to go to the section quiz Table of Contents Click on this button to go to the Table of Contents Click on this button to go back to the previous slide Click on this button to go back to the home slide Click anywhere to go back to the home slide Click on this button to go back to the next slide

Table of Contents

The Nature of Matter • Matter is everything around you. It is anything that has a mass and its made up of very small particles called atoms. The word Atom comes from the Greek word atomos meaning“unable to cut” Table of Contents

Structure of an atom • Composed of • Protons = positive charge (+) • Electrons = negative charge (-) • Neutrons are neutral • Protons and neutrons cluster in the nucleus while Electrons (e-) 'orbit' the nucleus. Table of Contents

Watch this video about atoms before continuing! (It’s loud, adjust volume or wear headphones) Table of Contents

Elements • Pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom. There are 92 elements occur naturally and 25 are essential to living organisms. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (C,H,O,N) make up about 96% of the mass of a human. Table of Contents

Molecules • A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. Table of Contents

Compounds • Substances made of 2 or more elements Examples: H2O (water) NaCl (table salt) Table of Contents Quiz

QUIZ #1 What is the charge of an electron? • Positive • Negative • Neutral Review if you can not remember

Structure of an atom • Composed of • Protons = positive charge (+) • Electrons = negative charge (-) • Neutrons are neutral • Protons and neutrons cluster in the nucleus while Electrons (e-) 'orbit' the nucleus. Back to Quiz

SORRY TRY AGAIN!!! TRY AGAIN

Correct!!! Next Question

Matter is anything that has _____ • Weight • Pounds • Mass Review if you can not remember

The Nature of Matter • Matter is everything around you. It is anything that has a mass and its made up of very small particles called atoms. The word Atom comes from the Greek word atomos meaning“unable to cut” Back to Quiz

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen make up about ____ of the mass of a human. • 95% • 96% • 97% Review if you can not remember

Elements • Pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom. There are 92 elements occur naturally and 25 are essential to living organisms. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (C,H,O,N) make up about 96% of the mass of a human. Back to Quiz

Which one is an element? a)Carbon Dioxide b)Nitrogen c)Water Review if you can not remember

Elements • Pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom. There are 92 elements occur naturally and 25 are essential to living organisms. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (C,H,O,N) make up about 96% of the mass of a human. Back to Quiz

Correct!!! Table of Contents

Organic Chemistry • The study of compounds containing carbon atoms. They can form straight lines, branched chains, or rings. Table of Contents

Polymers • Large molecules composed of many similar smaller molecules linked together. The individual smaller molecules are called monomers. When giant molecules are produced, macromolecules are formed. There are four major biological macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids. Table of Contents

Carbohydrates • Made up C, H, O and used by living things as their main source for energy. Their monomers are called monosaccharides. Table of Contents

So what types of food contain Carbohydrates? Table of Contents

Lipids • Made up of C, H, O. They are also known as fats, oils, and waxes and are highly insoluble in water. They are used for energy storage, insulation, waterproof covering membranes. Their monomers are fatty acids Table of Contents

So what types of food contain lipids? Table of Contents

Proteins • Made up of C, H, O, N. Provides structure for tissue and organs and carries out cell metabolism. Others act as enzymes and antibodies used by the immune system. Their monomers are amino acids. Table of Contents

So what types of food contain Proteins? Table of Contents

Nucleic Acid • Made up of C, H, O, N, P arranged in three groups: a base, a simple sugar, and a phosphate. They store and transmit genetic information in the form of a code. Two examples are DNA and RNA. Their monomers are nucleotides. Table of Contents

RNA DNA Table of Contents Quiz

QUIZ #2 The monomers for lipids are • Carbohydrates • Nucleotides • Fatty Acids Review if you can not remember

Lipids • Made up of C, H, O. They are also known as fats, oils, and waxes and are highly insoluble in water. They are used for energy storage, insulation, waterproof covering membranes. Their monomers are fatty acids Back to Quiz

This macromolecule is used by all living things as their primary source for energy. • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids Review if you can not remember

Carbohydrates • Made up C, H, O and used by living things as their main source for energy. Their monomers are called monosaccharides. Back to Quiz

These molecules can act as enzymes and antibodies • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids Review if you can not remember

The Chemistry of Life