Meeting the Challenge of "The New Biology" for College Libraries and Librarians in the Post-genomic era CNIF—2

1. Meeting the Challenge of "The New Biology" for College Libraries and Librarians in the Post-genomic eraCNIF—27 Frederick Stoss American Chemical Society National Meeting This One is Just Right! Information Resources for Small CollegesDivision of Chemical Information March 26, 2007

2. Abstract Sequencing the Human Genome was one of the greatest scientific achievements in history. The results unleashed a wave of research in molecular and structural biology giving rise to "The New Biology" of genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, systems biology. Research universities have larger budgets than colleges to support libraries addressing these new endeavors. Four-year liberal arts colleges often serve as academic incubators for incoming cohorts of students into Masters and Doctoral programs at larger universities and must adequately prepare these undergraduates. This presentation provides insights for college librarians to access the new generation of genomic databases, describes development of essential monograph and journal particularly among the life, physical, and computational sciences. collections, addresses reference services and librarian expertise in these subjects, and describes roles college librarians can play in innovative librarian-faculty collaborations. The later aspect of this presentation will outline various strategies for library and librarian outreach to college faculties and students, particularly among the life, physical, and computational sciences.

3. Digging Deeper into “The New Biology”

4. Chemistry + Biology = The “New Biology”

5. It Starts with DNA — The Molecule of Life

6. “Friedrich Miesclher: The Man Who Discovered DNA” by George Wolf in Chemical Heritage 21(2):10-11,37-41, 2003 1869 Nuclein leukocyte nuclei from (pus) Looking for chemical composition of tissues High phosphate Sperm of Salmo salar Almost entirely nuclein A Brief History — Friedrich Mieschler

7. Albrecht Kossel 1910 Medicine • Physiological chemist • Studied proteins and nucleins • Discovered a protein-like composition of nucleins • Also a non-protein component: nucleic acids • Adenine • Cytosine • Guanine • Thymine • Uracil • 1st Nobel Prize (nucleic acids)

8. James Watson & Francis Crick 1962 • Erwin Chargaff • Equal number of A—T bases • Equal number of C—G bases • Linus Pauling • Helical shape of protein • Hydrogen bond • X-Ray crystallography • Franklin’s Photo 51 • Form of A, C, G, T bases • Avery, MacLeod, & McCarty • DNA linked to heredity • Nobel with Maurice Wilkins

9. Evolution of the “New Biology” Biology & Life Sciences Chemistry Biochemistry & Medicine Medicinal/Pharmacy GeneticsCombinatorial Chemistry Cell Biology & Physiology Instrumentation Molecular & Structural Biology/Genetics Engineering Genomics, Pharmacogenomics, Toxicogenomics, etc.Biotechnology Laboratory Automation Informational Molecular Biology, Chemical Biology, Robitics Computational Biology, Systems Biology Mathematics & StatisticsComputer Science Hardware Configuration Software Development Programming BioinformaticsInformation Science Applications Simulations and Modeling Visualization Uses: Education, Business & Management, Policies & Regulations, R&D Data Archives

10. Growth of Information: Nucleic AcidsChemical Abstracts, 1907-2005

11. Growth of Genomic Data & Access NCBI

12. Human Genome Project

13. Managing the Data & Informationwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov • National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) • Established in 1988 • public databases, • conducts research in computational biology • develops software tools for analyzing genome data • disseminates biomedical information

14. NCBI at a (VERY QUICK) Glance 1 gcgggcgggc gggcaggagg ccgggaggag ggaggcggcg gcggcggcgg cggcggcggc 61 gagagcccag agccagagcc cggccggggc cgagcggagc gcggcggcgg cggcggcggc 121 ggcggctggg ccgggagagg ctggcgcgcc gggcggctcc gcgaatcctc cggcatccgc 181 cccggcgggc cgcccccgcc cgcggcagcc ccccgagcag tggcccggca tcggcgcctt 241 cccggcgggc aagagtgagc catggagcta cgtgtgggga acaagtaccg cctgggacgg 301 aagatcggga gcgggtcctt cggagatatc tacctgggtg ccaacatcgc ctctggtgag 361 gaagtcgcca tcaagctgga gtgtgtgaag acaaagcacc cccagctgca catcgagagc 421 aagttctaca agatgatgca gggtggcgtg gggatcccgt ccatcaagtg gtgcggagct 481 gagggcgact acaacgtgat ggtcatggag ctgctggggc ctagcctcga ggacctgttc 541 aacttctgtt cccgcaaatt cagcctcaag acggtgctgc tcttggccga ccagatgatc 601 agccgcatcg agtatatcca ctccaagaac ttcatccacc gggacgtcaa gcccgacaac 661 ttcctcatgg ggctggggaa gaagggcaac ctggtctaca tcatcgactt cggcctggcc 721 aagaagtacc gggacgcccg cacccaccag cacattccct accgggaaaa caagaacctg 781 accggcacgg cccgctacgc ttccatcaac acgcacctgg gcattgagca aagccgtcga 841 gatgacctgg agagcctggg ctacgtgctc atgtacttca acctgggctc cctgccctgg 901 caggggctca aagcagccac caagcgccag aagtatgaac ggatcagcga gaagaagatg

15. Challenge #1 Collections — Books, Popular

16. Well Known Book Series

18. Books — Reference You Can Afford?Or Can’t Afford To Be Without?

19. Journals — Making the Right Calls

20. Science Education Journals

21. Bibliometrics — Data from SciFinder Scholar • Chemical Abstracts Citations • Genome/ics 237,067 • Bioinformatics 21,646 • Proteome/ics 20,806 • Total 399,181 • Journals are the PacMan!! • They are important!

22. English Articles Published 2002-2007 • Nucleic Acids Research 1,251 • Bioinformatics 1,022 • Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 910 • BMC Bioinformatics 800 • J. Virology 727 • J. Proteomics Research 682 • Genome Research 660 • J. Biological Chemistry 580 • J. Bacteriology 530 • BMC Genomics 508 • 48,230 articles published • 2,800+ journals

23. Database Inventory—University at Buffalo

24. Bibliographic Databases — Final Four

25. SciFinder Scholar — It’s Not Just Chemistry

26. Databases on a Tighter Budget • Bachleor’s Program • 1-5 seats • $15,550-$22,550 • 3 schools sharing 2 users • $7,030/school • 6 schools sharing 3 users • $4,440/school • Universal—Pooled Schools • $2,990/school • Master’s Program • 1-5 seats • $23,325-$56,625 • 2 schools sharing 2 users • $15,825/school • 3 schools sharing 2 users • $10,550/school • Universal—Pooled Schools • $6,995/school • Do Libraries have to assume costs of this? • Consider Department Buy-ins • Chemistry • Biology • Biochemistry • Nursing • Environmental Science

27. Non-Scientific Alternatives • Academic Search Premier

28. Challenge #2 Reference ServicesLibrarian Web Compilations

29. FREE Reference Resources BioPharmaceutical Glossaries Cambridge Health Institute • Molecular Biology Desk Reference • National Institutes of Health WWW Virtual Library: Biotechnology WWW Virtual Library: Genetics

30. Staying Current • The Scientist • www.the-scientist.com/ • Chemical & Engineering News • pubs.acs.org/cen/index.html • Science • www.sciencemag.org/content/vol291/issue5507/ index.shtml • About.Biotech • biotech.about.com/ • Nature • www.nature.com/genomics/ • Bio-IT World • www.bio-itworld.com/index.html • Nucleic Acid Research • 1st January issue—Database Reviews (became “Database Issue” 2004) • Reviews and updates of database developments • 40-50 articles per issue (1996 to present) • 1st July issue—Web/Internet Reviews (became “Web Servers Issue” 2004) • Reviews Web servers and services • 40-50 articles per issue (2003 to present) nar.oupjournals.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml

31. Staying Current • About Biotech • biotech.about.com/ • Bio-IT World • www.bio-itworld.com/index.html • Chemical & Engineering News • pubs.acs.org/cen/index.html • Nature • www.nature.com/genomics/ • Science • www.sciencemag.org/content/vol291/issue5507/ index.shtml • The Scientist • www.the-scientist.com/

32. Challenge #2 Librarian Training

33. NCBI Science Primer—Basics of Biology

34. Molecular biology basics Overview of flagship databases nucleotide sequences protein sequences three-dimensional structures complete genomes and maps 20 hours CEU from MLA 5/30-6/1 at MIT, Cambridge, MA 11/7-9 at NCBI/NIH, Bethesda, MD NCBI: 3-day Workshop for Librarians

35. NCBI: 5-day Advanced NAWBIS Training • Bioinformatics support personnel • Subject Specialist Librarians • Bioinformatics educators & trainers • Prerequisites • Knowledge of molecular biology or genetics • basic experience with NCBI resources such as Entrez, BLAST, Cn3D, and Map Viewer • 8/6-10 at NCBI/NIH, Bethesda, MD

36. HGP Education Resources

37. Challenge #3 Librarian-Faculty Collaboration • Resource Awareness and Data Retrieval • direct users to the appropriate resource(s) for their needs • Current awareness and communication • promote awareness of molecular biology resources • Librarian instruction with faculty co-teaching • assist with the use of text-term search systems such as Entrez and LocusLink • Librarian instruction with faculty co-teaching • direct users to NCBI site map and other database/software directories for additional resources • Reference & Referral

38. Integrate information literacy skills into classroom instruction Foster critical thinking skills Team teaching Literature → data searching skills Librarian/Faculty Collaborations

39. With Increased Proficiencies You Can: • Assist users (students) with BLAST sequence similarity searches: • enter query sequence in FASTA format • select appropriate BLAST program (blast, blastp, blastx, etc.) • explain the basic features of the BLAST output • direct them to appropriate BLAST help documents and tutorials for additional information • purchase and maintain subscriptions/license agreements for commercial sequence databases and software packages • arrange for courses to be taught by representatives of the companies, or teach courses yourself • provide ongoing user support for the commercial packages

40. Library-hosted NCBI Workshops for Faculty

41. Readings on Outreach from NCBIwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Class/NAWBIS/Modules/OutreachCommunication/outreachreferences.html • Geer R, Rein DC. FOCUS ISSUE INTRODUCTION: Building the role of medical libraries in bioinformaticsJ Med Libr Assoc. 2006 July; 94(3): 284–285. [Full text from PubMed Central]Introduces multiple papers by NAWBIS instructors and participants from the July 2006 issue, 94(3) of the Journal of the Medical Library Association available full text in PubMed Central • Tennant MR. Bioinformatics Librarian: Meeting the information needs of genetics and bioinformatics researchers.Ref Serv Rev. 2005;33(1):12-19. • MacMullen WJ, Vaughan KTL, Moore ME. Planning Bioinformatics Education and Information Services in an Academic Health Sciences Library. College & Research Libraries. 2004 Jul;65(4):320-33. • Helms AJ, Bradford KD, Warren NJ, Schwartz DG. Bioinformatics opportunities for health sciences librarians and information professionals.J Med Libr Assoc. 2004 Oct;92(4):489-93. [Full text from PubMed Central] • Lyon J, Giuse NB, Williams A, Koonce T, Walden R. A model for training the new bioinformationist.J Med Libr Assoc. 2004 Apr;92(2):188-95. [Full text from PubMed Central] • Wheeler D, Rapp B. User Services: Helping You Find Your Way.NCBI Handbook. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=handbook.chapter.ch23 • Lyon J. Beyond the Literature: Bioinformatics Training for Medical Librarians.Med Ref Serv Q. 2003 Spring;22(1):67-74. [PubMed Abstract] • Alpi K. Bioinformatics Training by Librarians and for Librarians: Developing the Skills Needed to Support Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics Information Instruction.Issues in Science & Technology Librarianship. Spring 2003, 37. [Full text online]. • Tennant MR, Miyamoto MM. The role of the medical library in undergraduate education: a case study in genetics.J Med Libr Assoc. 2002;19(2):181-93. [Full text from PubMed Central] • Delwiche FA. Introduction to resources in molecular genetics. Med Ref Serv Q. 2001 Summer;20(2):33-50. [PubMed Abstract] • Alpi KM, Hendler GY, Ohles J. Making Sense of Molecular Medicine: New York Librarians' Involvement with Bioinformatics. NAHSL/NY-NJ Annual Meeting, 2001 October 15 [Poster available online] • Yarfitz S, Ketchell DS. A library-based bioinformatics services program.Bull Med Libr Assoc 2000 Jan; 88(1): 36-48. [Full text from PubMed Central]

42. Bioinformatics Degree Programs U.S.ils.unc.edu/informatics_programs/doc/Bioinformatics_2006.html

43. Molecular Biology SIG MLA • Home Page: medicine.wustl.edu/~molbio/ • Current SIG Convener:Susan KendallMichigan State University LibrariesEast Lansing, MIskendall@mail.lib.msu.edu • SIG Member List (Directory) • Listserv:   molbio@molbiosig.mlanet.org(instructions for subscribing and unsubscribing to the list are given on the SIG listserv web page)

44. Websites in Presentation • Human Genome Project • http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml • National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov • Pharmaceutical Glossaries (Cambridge Health Institute) • http://www.genomicglossaries.com/ • Genetics Home Reference • http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/ • Molecular Biology Desk Reference • http://molbio.info.nih.gov/molbio/desk.html • WWW Virtual Library for Biotechnology • http://www.cato.com/biotech/ • WWW Virtual Library for Genetics • http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/genetics.shtml • Bioinformatics & Genomics (Database Inventory for the University at Buffalo) • http://libweb1.lib.buffalo.edu/infotree/resourcesbysubject.asp?subject=Bioinformatics+%26+Genomics • Genomics Research (Web Guide for the University at Buffalo) • http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/asl/guides/bio/genome/human_genome.html • Proteomics (Web Guide for the University at Buffalo) • http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/asl/guides/proteomics.html • NCBI Education • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Education/ • NCBI Science Primer • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/ • Human Genome Project Education Page • http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/education/education.shtml • NCBI Workshops & Tutorials: Mini-Courses • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Class/minicourses/ • NCBI Workshops & Tutorials: Field Guide to NCBI Resources • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Class/FieldGuide/ • Bioinformatics Degree-granting Programs in the U.S., 2006 (UNC) • http://ils.unc.edu/informatics_programs/doc/Bioinformatics_2006.html

45. Future: Your Challenge! • The words of Winston Churchill, spoken in 1942 after 3 years of war, capture well the HGP era: "Now this is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning."