UNIT ONE LESSON 1 Diabetes Basics

1. UNIT ONE LESSON 1 Diabetes Basics

2. Objectives At the end of the lesson, participants should be able to: • Define diabetes • Identify the risks of diabetes • Identify signs and symptoms of diabetes • Differentiate between the types of diabetes • Describe feelings and experiences of living with diabetes • Set a goal related to managing their diabetes • Identify ways to modify everyday recipes to fitinto the diabetes meal plan

3. L-esson

4. Facts about Diabetes • Diabetes is a growing problem around the world

5. Facts about Diabetes • People with diabetes may have reduced quality of life • Diabetes increases the risk of heart, kidney, and eye disease, amputations and stroke • The effects of diabetes can be controlled by diet and exercise

6. Diabetes Terms • Glucose: most of the food we eat is turned into glucose which our body uses for energy • Insulin: a hormone that moves glucose into cells • Pancreas: the organ that makes insulin

7. What Is Diabetes? • Diabetes is a disease in which the body either does not make enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it makes • When there is not enough insulin, the blood glucose levels become elevated

8. Balance Is Needed • The body normally keeps a balance of insulinand glucose in the blood • The normal fasting level of plasma blood glucose of a person without diabetesis: • 65-99 mg/dL

9. Risks of Diabetes Damaged nerves can lead to: Having high blood glucose over a period of time could damage nerves in the body • Pain • Weak muscles • Loss of feeling in the legs and feet

10. Ways to Avoid these Risks • Make healthy food choices • Pay attention to portion sizes • Be physically active • Control blood glucose

11. Ways to Avoid these Risks • Take medication as prescribed • Reduce risky behaviors, such as smoking • Learn to solve diabetes-related problems • Learn to cope with situations in healthy ways

12. Role Playing: Scene 1 What happens to the food we eat? • Most of the food we eat is changed into glucose • The glucose enters the blood stream and makes the level of glucose in the blood rise • The pancreas releases insulin that helps lower the glucose in the blood • Insulin helps glucose move from the blood into the cells of the body • This helps to maintain normal blood sugars

13. Role Playing: Scene 2 A person who has diabetes: • Food is changed into glucose • The glucose enters the blood stream and makes the level of glucose in the blood rise • The pancreas releases insulin (but not enough to take up the glucose in the blood) • Insulin takes some of the glucose to cells • A high level of glucose remains in the blood. The high level of glucose in the blood spills over in the urine

14. Role Playing: Scene 3 There is enough insulin but the cells of the body may be resistant to insulin: • Food is changed to glucose • The glucose enters the blood stream and makes the level of glucose in the blood rise • The pancreas releases insulin • Insulin and glucose are carried to cell • The cells cannot use the glucose. This is called insulin resistance • This leads to high blood glucose

15. Symptoms of Diabetes • Excessive Urination • Excessive Thirst • Excessive Hunger • Fatigue

16. Symptoms of Diabetes • Blurred Vision • Tingling in Hands and Feet • Sores and Cuts that Heal Slowly • Itchy, Dry Skin

17. Symptoms of Diabetes • Impotence in Males • Yeast Infections in Females • Blood Glucose Levels Higher than 126 mg/dL

18. Pre-diabetes • A condition where the blood glucose levels are higher than normalbut not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes • Individuals with this condition tend to develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years • Risk of diabetes and stroke is increased • Modest weight loss and physical activity can preventor delay the onset of this condition

19. Types of Diabetes • Type 1 diabetes • Type 2 diabetes • Gestational diabetes

20. Type 1 Diabetes • Usually found in children, teenagers and young adults • The cells that protect the body have destroyed the cells in the pancreas that make insulin • These individuals depend on insulin to live

21. Type 2 Diabetes • Once called “adult onset diabetes” • Most common type of diabetes in 90-95% of all cases • Usually occurs in people who are overweight or obese

22. Type 2 Diabetes • The body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin • As a result, the cells do not get enough glucose for energy • The pancreas tries to make more insulin to help the cells • Eventually the pancreas loses the ability to make enough insulin or the body cannot use the insulin adequately.

23. Type 2 Diabetes Risk factors include: • Type 2 diabetes in a family member • Being overweight or obese • Physical inactivity • Age greater than 45 years

24. Gestational Diabetes • Develops during the later stages of pregnancy • Generally goes away after the birth of the baby • Women who develop this type of diabetes are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life

25. Game – Who Am I? Types of Diabetes • I am the type of diabetes in which people need insulin injections to live • I am the type of diabetes that develops during the late stages of pregnancy and generally goes away after the birth of the baby

26. Game – Who Am I? Types of Diabetes 3. I am normally seen in children, teenagers and young adults 4. I may be called “adult onset diabetes” 5. I am the most common form of diabetes

27. Game – Who Am I? Types of Diabetes 6. I am the type of diabetes where blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for the individual to be diagnosed with the disease.

28. E-mpowerment Diabetes Education Series: Diabetes Basics

29. Diabetes Education Series • Describe your experiences and feelings living with diabetes. • What was most difficult for you? • What are ways that you could overcome some of these difficulties?

30. A-ction Set a goal to help you avoid the dangers of diabetes

31. R-eal-Life Problem Solving John’s Story

32. John’s Story

33. Questions about John’s Story • What are John’s issues or problems? • What is the first step that John needs to take in this situation? • What are some other things that John needs to do in this situation? (List as many suggestions as possible.) • What are two things that John could do right away to deal with this problem? Why?

34. Review Question A person is said to have diabetes when he or she: • Eats too much sugar • Has too much glucose in the blood • Has too much insulin in the blood Answer: Diabetes is defined as having too much glucose in the blood.

35. Review Question Which of the following is a symptom of diabetes? • Excessive urination • Excessive thirst • Blurred vision • Sores and cuts that do not heal Answer: All of the above are correct.

36. Review Question The risks of diabetes include which of the following? • Kidney disease • Stroke • Loss of feeling in the legs and feet • Weak muscles Answer: All of the above are correct.

37. Questions about John’s Story • Please find the Real-Life Problem Solving handout for this lesson in your folder • These questions will help with your understanding of John’s story

38. N-utrition Menu: Banana Yogurt Smoothie

39. Topic: Managing Diabetes See you next week! Remember: “Life is not over because you have diabetes. Make the most of what you have, be grateful.”- Dale Evans, actress

40. Date: References: