Civil Rights Movement

1. Civil Rights Movement

2. The Emmett Till Case Video about the Case Please look away if you uncomfortable with looking at the real photos of Emmett Till

3. Jim Crow Laws Laws designed to continue segregation after the passage of the 14th and 15th Amendments Predominantly in the South Found ways to legalize discrimination of African-Americans

4. Examples of Jim Crow Laws • A black male could not offer his hand to a white male because that assumed they were equals. • Offer hand to woman—considered rape • Whites and blacks were not supposed to eat together—if they did it was partitioned and whites ate first • Under no circumstance was a black male to offer to light the cigarette of a white female • Implied Intimacy • No P.D.A. because it offended white people • Blacks did not have titles (Mr., Mrs., Ma’am, Sir, etc.) • White motorists had the right away

5. Plessy v. Ferguson • Mixed-Race man, Homer Plessy (1/8th Black) • Considered a black person in the south • In 1896 he was arrested when he refused to leave a whites-only train car • He was tried and convicted of violating Louisiana's segregation laws • “Separate but Equal Doctrine”

6. Brown v. Board of Education • Linda Brown, a 9 year old girl from Topeka, Kansas • She must travel several blocks, through a railroad yard, cross several busy streets to catch a bus miles from her house. • White-only school is only blocks away • Attorneys argue this is “separate but not equal” • Board argued that segregation in school would prepare children for segregation in adulthood • Board wins the case in quick decision in 1951 • After appeals the Supreme Court overturns their earlier decision in 1954

7. Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-56 • Reaction to Rosa Parks arrest • Protesters refused to ride the city bus • First major actions on the Civil Rights Movement • In-part to MLK, the movement becomes a national protest • Spent 2 weeks in jail, which further encouraged protesters • Federal district court ruled the public transportation rules for blacks were unconstitutional

8. Review Montgomery Bus Boycott Jim Crow Laws Plessy v. Ferguson Brown v. Board of Education Facebook Page Overview

9. Who Are They? • Rosa Parks • NAACP • James Meredith • Freedom Riders • Nation of Islam • Malcolm X • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee • Martin Luther King, Jr. • Black Panthers • Thurgood Marshall

10. Freedom Rides • Bus rides organized in the early 1960’s to challenge segregation • Challenged laws of segregation on interstate transportation • James Farmer led the group of 7 blacks and 6 whites • Left from DC to travel through numerous southern states • Interracial seating a key to their ride • A mob of white people at a stop in Alabama attacked the bus, slashed its tires, and then firebombed it. The escaping riders were beat

11. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • The March on Washington • Aug. 28, 1963: over 200,000 demonstrators • “I have a dream” • Bill filibustered in Senate • Previous C.R. Acts filibustered (ex: 1957—Thurmond) • 87 days later, cloture occurs and bill easily passes • Equal Employment, more power to attorney general to force desegregation

12. Malcolm X &The Black Muslims • Joined Nation of Islam (Black Muslims) • Preached black nationalism • Separate from whites and form self-governing communities • Black Muslims ran own schools, business, newspaper, and advocated self defense • Malcolm X eventually thought integrated society possible—left group • Killed by Black Muslims in 1965

13. Black Panthers Believed in black power, black nationalism, and economic self-sufficiency Believed revolution necessary in America Wanted African Americans to arm themselves and force whites to give equal rights