Poultry Health - Global Issues, Trends and Challenges

1. XIIIth European Poutry Conference, Tours FAO-Symposium Poultry Health - Global Issues, Trends and Challenges Karin Schwabenbauer

2. Outline • Notifiable Poultry Diseases • Monitoring Poultry Diseases • Poultry Diseases and Trade • Poultry Production Systems • Poultry Health Services • The HPAI Crisis • Lessons learned XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

3. Notifiable Poultry Diseases • OIE-Code • 14 poultry diseases • EU (ADNS) • 3 poultry diseases (HPAI, LPAI and Newcastle disease) • Germany • 3 poultry diseases (HPAI, LPAI and Newcastle Disease) XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

4. Criteria for Notification • OIE Code with a decision tree (Art. 1.2.1) • International spread, or • Zoonotic potential, or • Significant spread within a naive population, or • Emerging disease XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

5. Criteria for Notification (2) • German Animal Health Law • Rapid spread, or • High mortality, or • Important economical impact, or • Zoonotic potential,and • Diagnostic tools available. XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

6. Monitoring of Poultry Diseases • EU Monitoring for zoonoses • Salmonella typhimurium • Salmonella enteritidis • Campylobacter spp. Monitoring at farm level, aiming at reducing the risk of food borne diseases. XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

7. Disease control and trade – the OIE Code • ZoningThe OIE-Code had introduced since long the concept of zoning, meaning the geographical separation of livestock population within one country. XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

8. Disease control and trade (2) • CompartimentalisationA new concept, tailored for integrated production systems, separates livestock population through biosecurity measures within one country. XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

9. The Poultry Production Sectors • Two basic systems exist: • the industrial sector • the small scale production sector. • Both systems work differently, but both sectors may be inter linked. XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

10. Characteristics of the industrial sector • national/international markets • high inputs (infrastructure and feed) • large units with hybrid breeds for specialised production (layers or broilers) • poultry health schemes for all participants in the chain provided by private experts in poultry diseases • biosecurity management • Uniform diagnostic, vaccination and other prophylactic measures, and therapy. XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

11. Characteristics of the small scale sector • small flocks of mixed species • eggs and meat production • local breeds • low input - poor housing, low or non-existent feed supplementation and health inputs - • high mortality up to 60-80% • low output, almost for household consumption or local trade Veterinary services are frequently provided by non-veterinarians XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

12. Poultry Health Services • Poultry health services are in general provided by private veterinarians or para-veterinarians. • The public sector‘s role is to protect public goods (public health, food security,serious socio-economic hazards, environmental impacts). XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

13. Poultry Health Programmes Elements of health programmes in the commercial poultry sector are • Biosecurity management (cleaning and disinfection, clear separation between clean and dirty), • Prophylactic vaccination against a range of diseases (Marek, IB, ND, Gumboro, ILT, Salmonella, etc.) • Monitoring of production data. XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

14. Poultry Health Programmes (2) • In addition there should be an emergency plan in place. XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

15. The HPAI crisis (H5N1, Asia) • HPAI H5N1 spread rapidly within poultry in Asia and beyond. • It is zoonotic. • The classical control tools didn’t help effectively every where. • It affected the whole poultry industry. • It brought the poultry sector to the attention of governments and the general public. XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

16. Combating HPAI H5N1 • Classical control measures (culling, movement ban, vaccination) had varying success. • The spread of HPAI H5N1 virus challenged the established health systems. • The small scale systems need attention from the poultry health services. XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

17. Lessons Learned from the HPAI Crisis • Poultry diseases need attention of veterinary services - regardless the sector. • Socio-economic impact assessments have to consider all the stakeholders. • Control measures have to be tailored to the actual situation (there is not “one fits all” approach). • The public sector should play a leading role in the risk assessment process. • However the main responsibility for disease control should remain with the private sector. XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

18. Lessons learned from the crisis (2) • National restructuring efforts for the poultry sector should consider the production system as a whole, and • Small flocks with poor biosecurity measures in place will in any case be part of the poultry producing community. XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours

19. Tierärztliches Personal Aufgaben und Funktionsweise der Veterinärverwaltung Thank you for your attention! XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours