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NT brief, brief overview

NT brief, brief overview. For CSC 302 Ching-Wan Yip. OS. Run applications?. Scenerio. Medium size organization (200-20,000 users) clients 85% Wintel (NTWS, 95, 3.x, DOS), 10% UNIX boxes, 5% diehard Mac addicts Services file, print sharing, user, software access control

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NT brief, brief overview

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  1. NT brief, brief overview For CSC 302 Ching-Wan Yip

  2. OS • Run applications?

  3. Scenerio • Medium size organization (200-20,000 users) • clients • 85% Wintel (NTWS, 95, 3.x, DOS), 10% UNIX boxes, 5% diehard Mac addicts • Services • file, print sharing, user, software access control • medium load web serving, mail, IP/DNS, applications server (Notes, RealAudio, R/3, Oracle, Backup, HelpDesk whatever) • Remote access, fax server, proxy, order, customer database • It works, 90+% uptime, 24-7 support

  4. Criteria • General purpose only, not for • multi-users, non-backend server side application • 3D animation • Huge database • SciViz, calculation

  5. Options • MacOS/BeOS • Novell • UNIX • Solaris, AIX, HP-UX, Digital UNIX, Irix, Linux, BSD... • NT

  6. Why? • OS cost cheaper than expensive UNIX? • UNIX admin. is very expensive

  7. Vs UNIX • 4/8processors SMP out of the box, up to 32 OEM • x86 in practice mostly 2,4,6,8, 10 CPU • 2G RAM 32-bit flat addressing in 3.5x?, 4G in 4.0 • 2G app/2G kernel in 3.5x; 3G app/1G kernel in Enterprise NT, 32G in 5.0 using VLM “Very Large Memory” in Alpha and Intel “Merced” • 2 server clustering failover in 4.0 Enterprise • ~25,000 users in domain • Iris 6.x, HP-UX 11.x, Digital UNIX 4.x full 64-bit • Solaris 2.6, upcoming AIX 4.3 partial 64 • Linux 64-bit on 64-bit platform?

  8. Platforms • Intel x86 • DEC Alpha • defuncted - PowerPC, MIPS • workstation, server, enterprise

  9. Login - Ctrl-Alt-Delete • logon

  10. Just like 95? • Same Program manager/file manager as 95 • for a $4000 for 25 client OS

  11. NOS • Mainly a NOS for file/print sharing, user management, DHCP/WINS, browsing

  12. “Built-in” • can also be remote dial-in server, ftp, gopher, DNS server, routing • IIS web server (index, management, FrontPage) • Directory, Message Queue (MSMQ), media streaming (NetShow), Transcation (MTS), Clustering (MSCS)

  13. Applications Platform • BackOffice 2.5 • NT Server 4.0 w/ Internet Information Server (IIS) 3.0 • Proxy Server 1.0 • SQL Server 6.5 • Exchange Server 5.0 • Systems Management Server (SMS) 1.2 • SNA Server 3.0 • Site Server, Commerce Internet Server • management, personalization

  14. Setup/license • Per seat/server

  15. Role in the network • PDC, BDC, server

  16. Domain model • login required to gain access to resources • Single domain model

  17. Accounts • vs. UNIX /etc/passwd • Different roles • security identifier (SID)group security identifiers(group SIDs) • S-1-5-21-76965814-1898335404-322544488-1001

  18. User Manager

  19. User control • User policy • login script • Who can do what

  20. Services • Vs UNIX daemons

  21. Network Services

  22. Name services • DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol • WINS - Windows Internet Name Service • DNS - Domain Name System

  23. Services managers

  24. Login

  25. Print sharing • Serve different clients • vs UNIX lpd model

  26. File sharing • vs UNIX’s NFS • or Samba (UNIX pretends to be NT)

  27. File System • NTFS, FAT (no FAT32 until NT5 next year), HPFS (3.5x) • no security etc. on FAT • NTFS 16EB (2e64) b-tree, FAT 4G (2e32) linked list, RAID support • Universal Naming Convention (UNC) Names • \\server\share\subdirectory\filename

  28. File permissions • chmod ugoa +/-rwxs

  29. Replication • directory

  30. Disk/Network/Backup

  31. monitoring • vs top

  32. Monitoring - Event

  33. Admin. Friendly? • /etc/init*, win.ini • still Windows

  34. Rock solid? • Still crash - Blue Screen of Dealth (BSOD) • Some configuration changes requires reboot, or command prompt • rebuild disks • drivers - OEM specific • HCL • SP1,2,3… buggy?

  35. Architecture • kernel 3.51 vs 4.0

  36. modular • Subsystems • 32-bit NT and most 32-bit 95 apps • Windows 16-bit - DOS, Windows 3.x • OS/2 - 16-bit character based apps on x86 • POSIX - IEEE 1003.1 apps compiled under NT

  37. Interprocess Communication (IPC) • Named Pipes File Systems (NPFS) • ·Mailslots File Systems (MSFS) • ·NetBIOS • ·Windows Sockets • ·Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) • ·Network Dynamic Data Exchange (Net DDE) • 4.0 distributed component object model (DCOM) • builds on remote procedure call (RPC) • 5.0 COM+ DNA

  38. others • Preemptive multitasking, performance tuning • memory management • security - C2, auditing • localization - unicode • fault-tolerance - RAID, UPS support • compatibility - no DOS, OS/2, Windows • Portability, Scalability, Reliability • Architecture - HAL, kernel

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