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CLIMATE DATA AND INFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES

CLIMATE DATA AND INFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES. Buruhani NYENZI Director World Climate Programme Omar BADDOUR Chief, World Climate Data and MonitoringProgramme. World Meteorological Organization Geneva, Switzerland. Outline. PART I Climate Key Issues

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CLIMATE DATA AND INFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES

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  1. CLIMATE DATA AND INFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES Buruhani NYENZI Director World Climate Programme Omar BADDOUR Chief, World Climate Data and MonitoringProgramme World Meteorological Organization Geneva, Switzerland International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  2. Outline PART I • Climate Key Issues • WMO’s Role in Climate • WMO Programmes on Climate PART II • Objectives and Structure of the Workshop International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  3. Weather vs. Climate • “Weather” is a snapshot of the state of atmosphere over a relatively short period of time (usually less than a week) • “Climate” represents an average or collective state of the weather patterns over a long period of time • Climate = Time average of weather + climate extremes International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  4. Climate is NOT constant • Changes in Climate occur on all time and space scales characteristic of the Earth System International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  5. Climate Variability and Change • Seasonal to interannual fluctuations are considered to be “climate variability”. • Anomalies can be expected to recur at intervals less than a decade and the long-term mean state essentially remains the same. • Decadal and longer time scale changes are considered to be part of what is widely known as “climate change”. • Climatic characteristics tend to gradually move towards a substantially different mean state. International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  6. El Niño (1997) La Niña (1988) El Niño and La Niña International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  7. Climate Change • Climate change refers to the variation in the Earth's global climate or in regional climates over time. • It describes changes in the variability or average state of the atmosphere over time scales ranging from decades to millions of years. • These changes can be caused by processes internal to the Earth, external forces or, more recently, human activities. International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  8. International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  9. Direct Observations of Recent Climate Change (IPCC AR4) • Global average air temperature warming trend has accelerated • 1906-2005 : 0.74°C • Average ocean temperature increased to depths of at least 3000 m – ocean has absorbed 80% of heat added (sea water expansion and sea-level rise) International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  10. Warmest 12 years: 1998,2005,2003,2002,2004,2006, 2001,1997,1995,1999,1990,2000 50 0.1280.026 100 0.0740.018 Global mean temperatures are rising faster with time Period Rate Years /decade International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  11. Climate Change Impacts • Climate change, particularly the increasing surface temperature, is already affecting both natural and human-managed systems. • All major socio-economic sectors will be affected, with a wide range of regional impacts: • Water • Ecosystems • Food • Coastal systems and low-lying areas • Industry, settlement and society • Health International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  12. Decline in Arctic ice extent Difference in ice extent in March (maximum) and September (minimum) from the mean values for 1979–2005. The rates of decrease in March and September were 2% per decade and 7% per decade, respectively. Recent data from March 2006 are also shown and represent a new record minimum for the period of observation. International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  13. Projections of Future Changes in Climate • Precipitation increases very likely in high latitudes • Decreases likely in most subtropical land regions International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  14. Development Challenges • Single climate extreme events in some countries can cause setbacks equivalent to decade’s worth of economic growth • Climate Variability and extremes strongly impact Development and poverty in developing Countries • Achieving UN millennium Development goals will be possible only if climate variability and change are managed effectively International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  15. Development Challenges Adaptation is the way forward by Building Adaptive Capacity and Taking Actions • Creating the Information through: Research, Data collection and monitoring • Awareness-raising • >Adjust Social Structure • Develop Governance • Set up Programmes and projects to reduce vulnerability to climate risks or to exploit opportunities International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  16. International Non-government Organizations ISSC International Social Science Council ICSU International Council for Science UNESCO UN Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization WMO UN WORLD BANK FAO WHO UNEP UNDP IOC MAB IPCC UN FCCC/COP GEF CCA Coordination activities within the Climate Agenda CCl WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME IHDP International Human Dimensions Programme IGBP International Geosphere- Biosphere Programme WCRP (WMO, ICSU) WCDMP (WMO) WCASP (WMO) WCIRP (UNEP) THE CLIMATE AGENDA GCOS (WMO, IOC, UNEP, ICSU) GTOS (UNEP, FAO, UNESCO, WMO, ICSU) International Climate Activities GOOS (IOC, WMO, UNEP, ICSU) International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  17. UNFCCC:COP12Nairobi work programme with 9 areas of activities • Methods and tools • Data and observations • Climate modeling, scenarios and downscaling • Climate related risks and extreme events • Socio-economic information • Adaptation planning and practices • Research • Technologies for adaptation • Economic diversification International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  18. WMO’s Climate-Related Activities 1- Observations, data management and data exchange WWW, SPACE PROGRAMME, GCOS, WCDMP 2- Research and predictions: WCRP,AREP 3- Climate products and services (for sector-specific applications)WCASP 4- Capacity building, education and training ETR 5- Climate coordination CCA 6- WMO Commission for Climatology (Established in 1929) CCl International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  19. GCOS Surface Network (GSN) 989 Stations International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  20. Applications of climate information and prediction services to support human activities and sustainable development • Economic efficiency • Human health and well being • Food production, food security • Water resources planning and management • Renewable/efficient energy • Sustainable tourism • Urban and built environment International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  21. Heat-Health Warning Systems Goals: • Reduce mortality and morbidity associated with life-threatening heatwaves • Strengthen WMO/NMHS partnerships with health and social services (global, regional, national) for effective service delivery – Met forecasts alone are insufficient • Develop Guidance on and tools for: • early warning and detection of health effects of heatwaves; • national/local preparedness planning for extreme heat events; • public/media outreach; • interventions to save lives. International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  22. WMO proactively pursues climate applications • Espoo Conference (Living with Climate Variability and Change: July, 2006) highlights the role of users and decision makers in climate services. • Madrid Conference (Socio-economic Benefits of Meteorological Services: March, 2007) highlights the quantification of socio-economic benefits of meteorological services. • ‘World Climate Conference Three under preparation • UNFCCC COP-12 in 2006, recognized the role of WMO and NMHSs in the “Nairobi Programme of Work on Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change”. International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  23. Climate data and data managementCurrentPriority activities • Implementation of new CDMs to ensure better data management including new type of data and quality management • Establish standards for the exchange of metadata and the needs for WIS • Guide on the choice of instruments and sensors and basics characteristics of Climate networks and their observation • Best practices for long term homogeneity of climate data • Guidance and procedures for improved data exchange to meet GCOS requirements and principles • Data Rescue at risk of lost and or degradation International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  24. Climate Data management THE AIM Managing Climate records using modern data management systems Ensuring easy access, and Data Import-export,  Providing quality control function THE CHALLENGE Bridging IT gap in developing Countries, LCDs and SIDS A capacity building package includes: # THREE weeks training # Provision of CDMS # Provision of computer ready to operate International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  25. Climate Data Management Systems (CDMSs) • CLICOM Dos-based (outdated) • iADAMA Australia • CLIDATA Czech Republic • JCDMS Jordan • CLISYS France • CLIWARE Russian Federation • SDCLIM Tunisia • CLIMSOFT Zimbabwe International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  26. Implementation Status of CMDSs International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  27. Analysis of Climate Variability and change Current Priority activities • Develop and make use of indices of climate variability and change including surface, • Identify observations needs for climate change detection • Provision of WMO climate System monitoring and its relevant publications • Coordinate global extreme data records International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  28. Climate Change Indices RClimdex • 27 Climate change detection indices: • Using common climate parameters: (temperature, precipitation, cold/warm spells, etc.) • Developed by CCl Experts • Microsoft Excel based program • Provides statistical analysis and graphics http://cccma.seos.uvic.ca/ETCCDMI/software.shtml International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  29. Regional Seminar on climate change indices for Central African Countries, Brazaville, Congo, April 2007 International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  30. International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate records in the Mediterranean Basin Tarragona, Spain, 28-30 November 2007 GOALS OBJECTIVES and STRUCTURE International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  31. The Long term Goal Is To have the Mediterranean Climate records Digitized in the longest possible time-series length HOW ? Using the best available techniques and methods in rescuing, imaging and digitizing data WHO ? NMHSs, Universities, Climate Institutions international Data archiving centres International Climate Data projects and networks Collaboration, Partnership, Information sharing, Multilateral projects, Networking are the key Elements in this enterprise The Goal and Objectives of the Workshop International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  32. The objectives Immediate 1- Inform/discuss techniques and procedures on data and metadata recovery, digitization, composing,formatting, archiving and disseminating long-term climate records, 2- Discuss and issue recommendations to make accessible the rescued time series for the international scientific community; decision makers and other end users 3- Identify (*) opportunities, resources to be mobilized at the national and regional scales International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  33. The objectives Medium Term (within 2 years): • 1- Establish an Inventory on country basis of the currently available long-term climate records in digital form (temperature, precipitation, air pressure) and the longest and key climate records to be recovered • 2- Set up a common website for inventorying the current available climate data and the potential data to be recovered on a national basis International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  34. Structure of the Workshop 5 sessions SESSION I: Emphasizing Needs for DARE Projects SESSION II: Existing Regional initiatives and datasets SESSION III: Reviewing National Mediterranean DARE projects SESSION IV: Working group session :WG1 and WG2 WG1 Techniques, methods and inventory WG2 Resource Mobilization and Web Portal SESSION V: Presentation of WG conclusions and Recommendations End Friday 13:00 International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

  35. THANK YOU International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007

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