URBAN COAST INSTITUTE COASTAL RESILIENCY INDICATOR PROJECT

1. URBAN COAST INSTITUTE COASTAL RESILIENCY INDICATOR PROJECT Urban Coast Institute Monmouth University September 10, 2008

2. PRESENTATION OVERVIEW Definition of coastal resilience Project goals and approach

3. WHAT IS RESILIENCE? The ability of a natural/human system to maintain its structure and function in the event of a hazard/disturbance The ability of a system to re-organize following disturbance-driven change (Louis Lebel, 2001)

4. COASTAL HAZARDS/DISTURBANCES Episodic Events: e.g., resilience to hurricanes, tropical storms, etc. Chronic Conditions: e.g. sea level rise, erosion, etc.

5. AN EXAMPLE OF NATURAL RESILIENCE(TO BEACH EROSION) Loss of summer berm to offshore zone during winter storms Restoration by wave-induced transport during summer

6. SOCIAL SYSTEM RESILIENCE Communities are also stressed by natural hazards and chronic disturbances; communities exacerbate natural hazards with development Communities can learn and adapt from past experiences

7. AN EXAMPLE OF A RESILIENT COMMUNITY Preserves natural areas Guides development away from high hazard areas Adopts hazard code standards Organizes emergency response networks

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESILIENCE Resistance to a hazard or disturbance e.g., build a levee to resist floods (artificial) e.g., add dune grass/fencing (natural) Restoring force (feedback) e.g., coastal processes (natural) hazard insurance, beach replenishment, emergency response, etc. (social)

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESILIENCE Adaptability- learning from previous experience e.g., stricter building codes, managed retreat, etc. Collaboration e.g., agency and stakeholder participation in hazard mitigation planning Redundancy and Diversity e.g., multiple safeguards (not relying on only one)

10. VULNERABILITY A characteristic that creates the potential for harm A function of both EXPOSURE and SENSITIVITY

11. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO VULNERABILITY (Cutter, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2008) • Physical vulnerability-location • Density of built environment • Infrastructure • Economic health • Demographics

12. Project Goals: To identify core indicators of coastal resiliency and vulnerability To design a coastal resilient community framework 9/19/2014

13. Basic Approach: Establish hazard resilience baseline following Cutter (2008) “A Framework for Measuring Coastal Hazard Resilience in New Jersey Communities” Sets approach for establishing a hazard resilience measurement baselinethat can serve as a benchmark or indicatorfor monitoring progress

14. Community Resilience Model

15. Social Vulnerability • Social VulnerabilityIndex quantifies differences in social vulnerability among places and census block groups

16. Social Vulnerability Social Vulnerability Index Variables:-ethnicity-age-number of people per household-income-education

17. Built Environment and Infrastructure • Variables:-number of pre-1960 houses-housing density-commercial establishments-lifelines (e.g. schools, hospitals)-transportation -wastewater treatment facilities-historic landmarks, churches, etc.

18. Natural Systems and Exposure • Variables • FEMA 100-yr and 500-yr flood zone delineations • Dune size • Erosion rates • Wetland areas • Natural habitats • Storm surge inundation areas

19. Hazards Mitigation and Planningfor Resilience • Community variable checklist & score: • Emergency response plans • Building standards, codes, enforcement • Hazard mitigation plans • Zoning • Coastal setbacks • Dune management • NFIP • TDR

20. Constructing Community Resilience Baseline • Social Vulnerability + Built Environment Vulnerability + Hazard Exposure – Resilience = Community Resilience

21. Community Level Resilience Example: Monmouth Beach

22. Example: Monmouth Beach Social Vulnerability (low) Built Environment Vulnerability (high) Hazard Exposure (high) Resilience (measures have been taken to reduce risk) Community Resilience (additional measures are necessary to increase resiliency)

23. FEMA FLOOD ZONE MAP FOR MONMOUTH BEACH • Old (1992) 100-year flood zone boundary: Yellow Line • New 100-year flood zone boundary: Blue Line

24. Example: Monmouth Beach Source: NJ Beach Profile Network Richard Stockton College

25. Example: Monmouth Beach Source: NJ Beach Profile Network Richard Stockton College

26. Example: Monmouth Beach Source: NJ Beach Profile Network Richard Stockton College

27. Example: Monmouth Beach • Hazards Exposure variables • Area of FEMA 100-yr flood zone delineations • Number of houses in 100-yr flood zone • Number of houses raised • Beach erosion rates • Natural systems variables • Dune height and width • Wetland areas • Natural habitats

28. Example: Monmouth Beach • Hazard Mitigation/Planning Checklist • Emergency response plans? – yes • Reverse 911? - yes • Building standards, codes? – yes • Enforcement of codes – improvement needed • Hazard mitigation plans? – in prep. • Coastal setbacks? - yes • Dune management? – no (volunteer beach grass plantings) • NFIP community rating system? – no • Coastal Barrier community rating? - yes

29. MONMOUTH BEACH EXAMPLE

30. MONMOUTH BEACH EXAMPLE

31. MONMOUTH BEACH EXAMPLE

32. MONMOUTH COMMUNITY INDICATORS Baseline assessments Temporal trends GIS layers – spatial trends

33. Promote Increased Community Resiliency No Adverse Impact training (Do No Harm) -Consistent with no net loss of ecological functions -Complements all water resources programs: water quality, quantity, wetland and stormwater regulations -Makes sense on local and regional scales

34. Promote Increased Community Resiliency Local Ordinances/Programs/Policies -reduce impervious cover (LID) -lot coverage ordinance -open space preservation (blue acres, green acres, private funds) -fill regulations -stormwater management plans -watershed management plans

35. Funding for Communities to Implement Resiliency Strategies and Sustainability Concepts New NOAA Grant Volunteer communities to serve as Sustainable/Resilient Community Models by adopting coastal resiliency/sustainability principles and NAI (No Adverse Impact) policies.