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International mobility in higher education in Europe: trends, hurdles , incentives. Jean-Pierre DE GREVE Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium jpdgreve@vub.ac.be. 欧洲高等教育 国际学生流动 趋势、阻 碍、 激 励. 32 countries in Europe 欧洲 32 国国际学生概况
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International mobility in highereducation in Europe: trends, hurdles, incentives Jean-Pierre DE GREVE Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium jpdgreve@vub.ac.be 欧洲高等教育国际学生流动 趋势、阻碍、 激励 J.P. DE GREVE, VUB, BRUSSELS 2012.03.08 9th China Study Abroad Forum, Beijing
32countries in Europe 欧洲32国国际学生概况 1.5million foreign students enrolled in 2006 - 2007 50.9% international global student market Largegrowth: 1998-1999 2006-2007 between50% and82% *Teichler, Ferencz ,Wächter, 2011
United Kingdom Germany France 2/3 of all foreign students* 英德法三国拥有欧洲2/3的外国学生 *Teichler, Ferencz ,Wächter, 2011
Outgoing mobility of Chinese students to Europe* (share of entrants by destination) 中国学生在欧洲国家留学目的地分布情况 France Germany United Kingdom * Chinese MoE2008
Case study:Belgium: international students 比利时国际学生概况 All students: 393 687 Female: 57 %, Foreign: 47 218 (12%) Countries: • France (37.9%) • Netherlands (7.3%) • Morocco (5.6%) • ….. • 8. China (2.5%) Fields of study: • Health&Welfare (34.7%) • Social Sci, Bus & Law (23.3%) • Humanities&Art (14.4%); • Engineering (7.9%) • Science (7.1%)
Trend credit mobility (EU ERASMUS Program) Incoming: smallcountries 欧盟伊拉斯谟学生流动趋势(小国流入) Romania Belgium Cyprus Estonia
Trend credit mobility (EU ERASMUS Program) Incoming: largecountries 欧盟伊拉斯谟学生流动趋势(大国流入) Germany Austria Spain
General Hurdles In and Out 学生流动障碍 • lack of information University • low motivation, little to no personal interest U • inadequate financial support Government • foreign language skills deficiencies U • insufficient time in curriculum U • legalbarriers (visa and immigration) G • problems gaining recognition of credits* abroad U+G *Credits: awardedforsuccessful completion of courses
Possible remedies 可行的解决方法 • Financial incentives: portable grants and loans • Curricular incentives: ECTS, diploma supplement • More mobilitywindows (incl. internships/thesis) • Personal incentives (professors, authorities)
The future: a new EC policy (2014) 欧盟委员会2014年的新政策 • oneprogramme ‘ERASMUS for All’ (全民伊拉斯谟计划) • increased efficiency, easierapplication, reducedduplication and fragmentation. • study, training, teaching and volunteeringopportunitiesabroad • support for IT platforms, such as e-twinning • Overall budget: • €19 billion Euro (约160 亿元人民币) over 7 years • €1.8 billion (约15 亿元人民币) for international cooperation
1. Learningopportunities 更多学习机会 • bothwithin the EU and beyond • Europeanscan go anywhere in the world • non-Europeanstudents and staff : study, teach and learn in Europe (mostlyneighboringcountries) 2.2 million students 二百二十万 学生
2. Institutionalcooperation 机构间的合作 • employability, creativity and entrepreneurship 受雇能力、创造力 和 企业家的培养 • development and implementation of innovativepractices in education, training and youthactivities 创新 实践 Business University
3. Support forpolicy reform in MemberStates and cooperationwithnon-EUcountries • in 27 MemberStates • cooperationwithnon-EUcountries 支持欧盟成员国政策改革以及 与非欧盟国家的合作
Twonovelties 两个新政策 • A loanguaranteeschemeforMaster'sdegreestudents to financetheir studies abroad • The creation of 400 'knowledgealliances' and 'sector skillsalliances'. - large-scale partnerships betweenhighereducationinstitutions and businesses - creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship 知识 联盟
Case study: Internationalisation at VUB 布鲁塞尔自由大学国际化进程 1927 Solvay Conference
Brussels, heart of Europe 布鲁塞尔欧洲首都
International Relations & Mobility Office • Education: - Research oriented and research integratedapproach (Chinese students: 98 Master, 76 PhD and Postdoc; 4th country with 7% of total student population) - EnglishtaughtMasterprogrammes (Engineering, Computer Science, Communication Sciences, …), Specific bridge programmes (BICCS) • Programs: - Erasmus Mundus , ASEM Duo, Internships • Projects: - Joint PhD’s, Trans ContinentalInternship Program, Summer School
Strategicefforts 2012-2016 • Extra incentivesforfacultymobility • Reform of curriculum • Additionalmobilitygrants • On-campusmobility fair (twice a year) • International internshipcampaign • International alumni networks
Thankyou! 谢谢 jpdgreve@vub.ac.be J.P. DE GREVE, VUB, BRUSSELS 2012.03.08 9th China Study Abroad Forum, Beijing