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Job and Psalms

Old Testament. Job and Psalms. © John Stevenson, 2012. English Old Testament. Pentateuch. Historical Books. Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1-2 Samuel, 1-2 Kings, 1-2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther. Poetic Books. Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon.

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Job and Psalms

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  1. Old Testament Job and Psalms © John Stevenson, 2012

  2. English Old Testament Pentateuch Historical Books Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1-2 Samuel, 1-2 Kings, 1-2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther Poetic Books Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy Prophetic Books Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi

  3. Book Problem God as… Man as… Job Sovereign On his face before God Psalms Prayer & Worship Holy Before the throne of God Pain & suffering

  4. Poetic Literature Wisdom Literature Job Proverbs Ecclesiastes Psalms Song of Solomon

  5. Wisdom Literature Poetic Literature Narrator is viewed as the wise voice of experience Touch the heart Touch the mind Narrator is viewed as a normal man Focus on human emotion Focus on wisdom Love for God and for others Living before God and with others

  6. What is poetry?

  7. Job The Book of Suffering

  8. Theodicy If God is good and if God is all-powerful, then why does evil exist?

  9. Overview of the Book of Job Chapters 3-31 Chapters 33-37 Chapters 38-41 Chapter 42 Chapters 1-2 Job’s three friends Elihu’s speeches God speaks Historical epilogue: Job Restored Dialogue & Discourse Historical prologue: Job Tested Prose Section Poetry Section Plain language Highly ornate Written in pure Hebrew Contains many expressions characteristic of Chaldaean

  10. Job 1:1 There was a man in the land of Uz whose name was Job; and that man was blameless, upright, fearing God and turning away from evil.

  11. Setting for the Story Uz

  12. The Story • The Heavenly Challenge • Job’s Calamities • Satan’s Second Accusation • Job’s Continuing Endurance • Job’s Three Friends

  13. The Cast of Characters • Job • Mrs. Job • God • Satan • Three Friends • Eliphaz • Bildad • Zophar • Elihu

  14. Job maintains his innocence • I made a covenant with my eyes that I would not look on a woman to lust (31:1). • I gave food and clothing to the poor and the widow and the orphan (31:16-20). • I did not let my own prosperity get in the way of my relationship with God (31:24-28).

  15. Elihu Then these three men ceased answering Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes. 2 But the anger of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram burned; against Job his anger burned, because he justified himself before God. 3 And his anger burned against his three friends because they had found no answer, and yet had condemned Job. 4 Now Elihu had waited to speak to Job because they were years older than he. (Job 32:1-4).

  16. When God Finally Speaks... • He does not give Job any answers to his questions • He does not give Job any comfort in his situation

  17. Job 38:1-3 Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind and said, "Who is this that darkens counsel by words without knowledge? Now gird up your loins like a man, and I will ask you, and you instruct Me!

  18. Job 38:4-7 "Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth? Tell Me, if you have understanding, who set its measurements, since you know? Or who stretched the line on it? On what were its bases sunk? Or who laid its cornerstone, when the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?"

  19. Job 40:1 Then the LORD said to Job, "Will the faultfinder contend with the Almighty? Let him who reproves God answer it."

  20. Job 40:6-9 Then the LORD answered Job out of the storm, and said, "Now gird up your loins like a man; I will ask you, and you instruct Me. Will you really annul My judgment? Will you condemn Me that you may be justified? Or do you have an arm like God, And can you thunder with a voice like His?

  21. Job 42:1-2 Then Job answered the LORD, and said, “I know that Thou canst do all things, And that no purpose of Thine can be thwarted.”

  22. Job 42:5-6 "I have heard of Thee by the hearing of the ear; but now my eye sees Thee; therefore I retract, and I repent in dust and ashes."

  23. Job 42:7 And it came about after the LORD had spoken these words to Job, that the LORD said to Eliphaz the Temanite, "My wrath is kindled against you and against your two friends, because you have not spoken of Me what is right as My servant Job has.

  24. Job 42:8-9 “Now therefore, take for yourselves seven bulls and seven rams, and go to My servant Job, and offer up a burnt offering for yourselves, and My servant Job will pray for you. For I will accept him so that I may not do with you according to your folly, because you have not spoken of Me what is right, as My servant Job has.”

  25. Lessons from Job • God is both all-loving and all-powerful • There are no simple answers • Expression of grief & trouble is appropriate, but not to pass judgment on God • God is in control, even when it is not obvious to our eyes • God has a purpose in what he allows, even if we do not know what it is

  26. Lessons from Job • Tragedy can serve as a wake-up call • God has not remained distant from us in our pain • Job is about God’s condemnation Will you really annul My judgment? Will you condemn Me that you may be justified? (Job 40:8). God was condemned in Christ.

  27. Psalms The Hymnbook of God

  28. Title for the Book • Hebrew Titles: • Tehillim (“praises”). • Tephilloth (“prayers”). The prayers [tephilloth] of David son of Jesse are ended (Psalm 71:20).

  29. Greek Title: Psalmoi (“songs”). Title for the Book • Hebrew Titles: • Tehillim (“praises”). • Tephilloth (“prayers”).

  30. Characteristics of the Psalms • A thousand years of history • Musical instruments • Quoted in New Testament • Relates our response to God • A “sensory” book

  31. Hebrew Masoretic Text Differences in Chapters Septuagint

  32. Hebrew Masoretic Text Differences in Verses Septuagint & English Translation Superscriptions numbered Superscriptions not numbered

  33. What are the different types of Psalms? • Praise Psalms • Songs of Thanksgiving • Royal Psalms • Wisdom Psalms • Psalms of Remembrance • Psalms of Lament • Imprecatory Psalms

  34. Characteristics of the Psalms • A thousand years of history • Musical instruments • Quoted in New Testament • Relates our response to God • A “sensory” book

  35. Structure of the Psalms Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Chapt. 42-72 Chapt. 73-89 Chapt. 90-106 Chapt. 107-150 Written mostly by David Mostly by Asaph Mostly unknown Many by David Chapt. 1-41

  36. The Superscriptions • Ascription of authorship • Musical directions • Historical circumstances of composition • Purpose or use of Psalm • Liturgical notices

  37. Structure of the Psalms

  38. Psalm 1:1-2 How blessed is the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked, Nor stand in the path of sinners, Nor sit in the seat of scoffers! 2 But his delight is in the law of the LORD, And in His law he meditates day and night.

  39. Psalm 1:3 • And in whatever he does, he prospers. He will be like a tree firmly planted by streams of water, Which yields its fruit in its season And its leaf does not wither;

  40. The wicked are not so, But they are like chaff which the wind drives away (Psalm 1:4).

  41. Psalm 1:5-6 Therefore the wicked will not stand in the judgment, Nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous. 6 For the LORD knows the way of the righteous, But the way of the wicked will perish.

  42. Messianic Psalms

  43. Psalm 2:1-3 Why are the nations in an uproar And the peoples devising a vain thing? 2 The kings of the earth take their stand And the rulers take counsel together Against the LORD and against His Anointed, saying, 3 “Let us tear their fetters apart And cast away their cords from us!”

  44. Psalm 2:4-6 He who sits in the heavens laughs, The Lord scoffs at them. 5 Then He will speak to them in His anger And terrify them in His fury, saying, 6 “But as for Me, I have installed My King Upon Zion, My holy mountain.”

  45. Psalm 2:7-6 I will surely tell of the decree of the LORD: He said to Me, “You are My Son, Today I have begotten You. 8 Ask of Me, and I will surely give the nations as Your inheritance, And the very ends of the earth as Your possession. 9 You shall break them with a rod of iron, You shall shatter them like earthenware.”

  46. Psalm 2:10-11 10 Now therefore, O kings, show discernment; Take warning, O judges of the earth. 11 Worship the LORD with reverence And rejoice with trembling.

  47. rb;-WqV.n:  Nashqu-bar “Kiss the son” Psalm 2:12 Do homage to the Son, that He not become angry, and you perish in the way, For His wrath may soon be kindled. How blessed are all who take refuge in Him!

  48. Psalm 2:12 Do homage to the Son, that He not become angry, and you perish in the way, For His wrath may soon be kindled. How blessed are all who take refuge in Him!

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