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Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 2

Mission Critical Monitoring T hermal Load Mapping: A simple, but highly effective unique early warning tool for power systems Van D. Wilkins, Jr.– QHi-Group, Director of Business Development London - Amsterdam - New York - San Francisco – Knoxville - Phoenix. The Monitoring C hallenge ….

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Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 2

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  1. Mission Critical MonitoringThermal Load Mapping: A simple, but highly effective unique early warning tool for power systemsVan D. Wilkins, Jr.– QHi-Group, Director of Business DevelopmentLondon - Amsterdam - New York - San Francisco – Knoxville - Phoenix

  2. The Monitoring Challenge…. • Implementing strategies that improve facilities performance for both: POWER EFFECIENCY &POWER RELIABILITY Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 2

  3. More effective Energy Management is only part of the strategy... Important not to neglect systems concerned with power reliability & safety & the utilisation of 24x7 Thermal Monitoring as a strategy to predict and prevent electrical faults Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 3

  4. “Feeling Lucky…?” • Annual thermal imaging monitors less than 1% of available time.... • It’s clear that any downtime in a data center comes with a very expensive price tag - with this amount of money at stake, why take the risk? <1% 100% Thermal imaging 24x7 Thermal Monitoring Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 4

  5. Several Steps for Change... PLAN - Evaluate risks & costs associated with reliability and safety regarding electrical power with goals & budgets of the company What processes are currently in place for preventing downtime due to electrical failure? Understand and quantify the cost of downtime in your facility Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 5

  6. Mission Critical Monitoring Model: REMEDY Performing corrective action – avoiding downtime + increasing safety DIAGNOSIS Isolating cause & determing action History / Trend Data SURVEILLANCE 24x7 365 Monitoring Pre-set alarms within BMS/SCADA CONSISTENT, ACCURATE, REAL-TIME INTEGRATED DATA IS ESSENTIAL TO ALL 3 PHASES Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 6

  7. Importance of 24x7 Thermal Monitoring… INCREASED DEVICE RELIABILITY & LIFE EXPECTANCY EXTEND CONVENTIONAL INTERVENTION MAINTENANCE IMPROVED FACILITY & OPERATOR SAFETY CONDITIONS INTEGRATED REAL-TIME DATA 24x7 365 20% 2-3yrs 24x7 Arc Flash Due to increase in accurate data, better maintenance & reduced downtime Thus achieving downtime savings – thermal monitoring self financing in short time frame 24x7 IR Thermal Monitoring inside the panel – reduce risk of opening live panel Thermal Imaging = <1% of available time . Exertherm 24x7 integrated to BMS/SCADA Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 7

  8. Even a fault tolerant Data Center has weak points that need monitoring more than once a year. Lets discuss switching.

  9. Electrical Failure in the News:

  10. The cause....? Thermal runaway!!!!!!!! Heat Created Faster Oxidation and Distortion Increased Resistance Thermal runaway can generate a Megawatt of power, which is enough to melt 1 kg of copper in 200 milliseconds. We have problems even though sites perform Infrared Thermography Annually.

  11. Issues with current technology... Poor Integration IR inspection reports are periodic, not ‘real time’ data and therefore cannot be directly integrated to BMS/EMS & cannot be viewed remotely. Inspection Frequency Annual periodic thermal imaging can only inspect <1% of available time, leaving a huge reliance on luck Cost Implications Thermal Windows: improve view from camera to target, but don’t resolve some key issues; how to inspect targets with no direct line of sight, inspections remain periodic, reduce energy readings, crystal is not stable so will need replacement, when flap open still Arc Flash exposure. External Inspection Problem is on the joints which are inside the enclosure, inspection is conducted on outside – temperature has to be correlated.

  12. Problem with personnel based Thermography: Variables, Material, History, Access, Timing, Interpretation

  13. The other problem with personnel based Thermographic inspections -ARC Flash: STATING PPE REQUIREMENTS WILL NOT PREVENT ACCIDENTS! ACCIDENTS ARE PREVENTED AND LIVES ARE SAVED THROUGH A FOUNDATION OF SAFETY IN YOUR FACILITIY FIXED THERMAL MONITORING IN YOUR FACILITIES SHOULD BE A SAFETY STANDARD CONCERNS ABOUT OPERATOR SAFETY DUE TO ARC FLASH ARE CAUSING INSPECTORS / FACILITY OWNERS TO ADOPT NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH NFPA-70E & 70B Increase Safety

  14. Technology Comparison: • Chip based Infrared Thermopile • Requires 5 volts DC • Printed circuit board mounting • Primarily for close proximity electronics devices. Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 9

  15. Technology Comparison: • Fiber Optic temperature sensors • Require direct contact with the components being tested • Uses fiber for data transmission • Some OEM’s have abandoned this technology due to material degradation over time with sustained high temps. • Also an acoustic wireless system experimented with by one OEM, but has a battery, direct contact and experiences signal interference on MV systems. Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 9

  16. Technology Comparison: • Infrared Thermocouple Remote sensors • Non-powered • Non-contact • ½” to 14” distance • Retrofit on any system • No calibration required • Integrate data stream into SCADA, BMS or DCIM • There is a system in Brazil that is IR, yet it requires 24Vdc to the sensor and regular calibration Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 9

  17. Cable Connections monitoring: Three methods: a) Partial Discharge fixed systems, (only for MV) b) Automatic Insulation resistance test (for motor feeds) c) Infrared thermocouple

  18. What is Thermal Load Mapping...? BMS / SCADA Delta T Load Unique Thermal Map

  19. What is Delta T & why is it important? Dissipated Power = I2R = c(T-TA) = c(∆T) TA T Power dissipated through any resistance R in an electrical system always flows to the ambient surroundings as heat. The heat flow quantity is proportional to the temperature difference between the electrical component T and its ambient temperature TA (Newton’s Law of Cooling). Since the dissipated power is only dependent on the current I and resistance R, the conductor temperature T will increase to whatever is necessary to dissipate the power as heat to the ambient.

  20. Why do we need Load if we have Infrared sensing? TA T • The quality status of the connection cannot be assessed unless the load is known. • Standard practice for thermal imaging surveys has been to conduct the survey when operating at 40% load or greater. • The difference in ∆T between 40% load and 100% load is 625%! • ∆T = 40oC at 40% load becomes ∆T = 250oC @ 100% load, which is a complete failure and probable explosion!

  21. Based on Actual Load of 50% of Circuit Design: Below graph shows that operating at 50% load with a Delta T of e.g. 20˚C the temperature reaches the 40˚C alarm threshold as load is increased to 70%. The Delta T reaches 70˚C when operating at 100% load

  22. Based on Actual Load of 25% of Circuit Design: Below graph shows that operating at 25% load with a Delta T of e.g. 10˚C the temperature rapidly escalates past the 40˚C alarm threshold when load exceeds 50% Delta T rises to 150˚C when operating at 100% load.

  23. Emitted IR energy is proportional to Load Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 15

  24. When delta T rises without rise in load Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 13

  25. Ability of a conductor to handle load related to operating temperature NEC conductors rated at 86F, NEMA bussing 40C-65C If operating temp is known, load is known, Delta T, then we can project at what temperature we can increase/decrease or fail BMS / SCADA Delta T Load

  26. BMS / SCADA Delta T Load Copper Development Association www.copper.org

  27. Thermal Load Mapping.... • “The value of continuous thermal monitoring Delta T data combined with metering data to provide an integrated predictive tool, is increasingly being recognised by major OEM’s” Delta T Data Metering Load Data • Data can also be utilised to plan load distribution or verify the actual capacity of Redundant feeders, (ie: SES-A, bus-tie, SES-B) Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 16

  28. N+1/2 Capacity: A B FEED FEED 40% LOAD 40% LOAD = 80% LOAD

  29. Mission Critical Monitoring - Thermal Mapping 18

  30. Summary of Thermal Load Mapping benefits... Not vendor specific for integration / communication Generic software that can integrate into EMS Customized to each panel, or even circuit Degradation of equipment over time – extend nominal life 24x7 Thermal Monitoring Assist in placement / deployment of additional load Easy Integration Extend periods between intrusive maintenance Increased safety, less equipment entry

  31. 24x7 Thermal Monitoring... Best Practice should be the ONLY practice for Mission Critical assets 24x7 Thermal Monitoring = STANDARD key component in protecting your system from electrical power failure Best Practice ICREA (International Computer Room Experts Association) 2011 included in Data Center Specifications (420.9.3)

  32. Van D. Wilkins, Jr.– QHi-Group, Director of Business DevelopmentLondon - Amsterdam - New York - San Franciscovan.d.wilkins@qhigroupusa.com(347) 468-6158 Thank you

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