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So how did the English language come to be?

So how did the English language come to be?. Or. . . Who won?. The Vikings* & Saxons. Constantly battled for control of England Languages in England merged to become Old English (synonymous with Anglo-Saxon)

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So how did the English language come to be?

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  1. So how did the English language come to be? Or. . . Who won?

  2. The Vikings* & Saxons • Constantly battled for control of England • Languages in England merged to become Old English (synonymous with Anglo-Saxon) *another word for the peoples of Norway and Denmark. The word is actually a pursuit—”to go a-viking.”

  3. King Alfred the Great (the ONLY “Great” in English history) • because he kept united tribes to repel the Danes (another name for the norse) • Treaty: He kept London & Wessex; Vikings kept the Danelaw(North and East England) • because he commissioned the Anglo-Saxon chronicles of Britain from the time of Caesar’s invasion to be written in ANGLO-SAXON (ENGLISH) NOT LATIN!!

  4. Alfred Jewel • "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", "Alfred ordered me to be made" • In the Ashmolean in Oxford

  5. York—Northern England Canterbury—Southern England Two Religious Centers Arose

  6. The Vikings Win, sort of . . . • Ethelred the Unready-weak king-took throne at age 11 was defeated by • King Canute/Knut, who was crowned King of ALL England, 1016(this lasted until another set of Vikings/Norse, the Normans, conquered in 1066.)

  7. Old English/Anglo-Saxon The emergence of a written language.

  8. Anglo-Saxon/Old English • Language spoken and written from about the 5th to 11th centuries around the time of the Battle of Hastings (1066). • Standardized in 10th century through influence of dominant kingdom of Wessex. • Based on runic script. • More than ½ of our modern words have AS origins

  9. Old English Wicu Cyning (c-k) Scort (sc=sh) Gærs Eorþ (þ & ð= th) deor cniht Modern English Week King Short Grass Earth Deer (orig. wild beast) Knight (orig. youth) Old English Words & Modern Equivalents

  10. The Book of Kells • Tradition: Written by St. Columba • Housed in Ireland at Kells Monastery • St. Aidan—illuminator (founded Lindesfarne) • Written in Latin

  11. Lindesfarne Gospels • Mixes Celtic tradition with Saxon Art • Monastery kept learning alive inthe “Dark Ages”Of Viking invasion

  12. What are the black words between the lines? • Illuminated pages--Latin interlaced with OE translation • English added to the Latin around 970 A.D. –First English translation of the Gospels (Very significant in light of later controversies over English Bibles)

  13. To recap: Old English influenced by • Celtic languages (fewer than 1 doz words) • Latin—big influence • Anglo-Saxon • Old NorseNow, see if you can translate something. . .

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