What is the relation of form and function ?

2. What is therelation of form and function? • Pevsner: Functionality is not indispensable for aesthetic enjoyment. Modern art communicate high aesthetic value without functionality. (independent, standalone art and artist, leave-it-or-take-it attitude). • Raphael and Michelangelo are conceived within architecture (mural paintings). • Titian, Rembrandt or Velasquez are not (easel paintings).

3. „Very high aesthetic achievements are possible in easel-painting, but they are achievements torn out of the common ground of life.” Pevsner

4. Form, definition, function of a house

5. Realization and Form „Realization is themerging of thought and feeling attheclosest rapport of the mind withthe Psyche, thesurce of what a thingwantsto be. It is thebeginning of Form.” - Kahn

6. Form and design • „The greatness of thearchitectdependsonhispowersofrealizationofthatwhich is House ratherthanhis design of a house which is a circumstantialact.” - Kahn

7. Louis Kahn • Formencompasses a harmony of systems, a sense of Order and thatwhichcharacterizesoneexistencefrom an other.Form has no shapeordimension. • Form is „what”. • Impersonal • Formcharacterizes a harmony of spacesgoodfor a certainactivity of man. • Design is „how”. • Personal • Circumstantial

8. „House is theabstractcharacteristic of spacesgoodtolivein. House is theform…” • House is a conditionalrepresentation of thesespaces. This is design. • Home is the house and theoccupants. • Home becomesdifferentwitheachoccupant.

9. „Commoditie” How does the building function? Function, type, institution, style, meaning

10. Utilitas – firmitas - venustas • Vitruvius I. c. BC. • Architecture must provide • Utility • Firmness • Beauty • Henry Wotten XVII. c. AD. • Commodity • Firmness • Delight

11. Utility • Arrangement of rooms and spacessothatthere is no hindrancetouse and sothat a buiding is perfectlyadjustedtoits site. (Vitruvius) • Formaltheamount of usefulnessthatsomething has • Definition, function, fitness, essence, form – ancientgreek

12. Firmness • The foundations are solid • The materials of the building are wisely selected.

13. Beauty/venustas • The appearance of building pleasing and in good taste. • Proportion, symmetry • Satisfaction and enjoyment.

14. XXthcenturyInternational Style Walter Gropius (1883-1969) Whereartists and techniciansmeet (1925-26) „A thing is determinedbyitsnature and ifit is to be fashionedsoastoworkproperly, itsessenec must be investigated and fullygrasped. A thing must answeritspurposeineveryway, that is fulfillitsfunctionin a practicalsense and must thus be serviceable, relyable and cheap.”

15. A tömeghatás és a statikai szilárdság, melyek valaha az építészet legfontosabb jellemzőinek számítottak… Frampton327 1932 Henry-Russell Hitchcock (1903-1987) Philip Johnson (1906-2005)

16. Whattolookon a building? Whattosee?

17. Whattolookon a building? • Threeaspects of aestheticappeal • 2 dimensional • Volume (3D) • Space (3D) • Fouraspects of function • Pragmaticfunction • Symbolicfunction • Psychologicalfunction • Circulatoryfunction • Physicalfunction • Essence of the building • is it human, is itthe building of itsdefinition?

18. Activity Definethefollowingcategories

19. Whattolookon a building? • Threeaspects of aestheticappeal • „Architectureasthe art most closelyboundupwiththenecessities of life, withimmediateuse and functionalandstructuralfundamentals.” • 2 dimensional • It is thepainter’s way • Volume (3D) • Asittreatsthe building as a volume, asaplastic unit, it is thesculptor’s way. • Space (3D) • Itconcernsspace • Groundplans

20. Whattolookon a building? • Fouraspects of function • Pragmaticfunction • The accommodation of a specificuseoractivityinaspecificroomorspace. • Symbolicfunction • Visiblestatementaboutitsuse • Psychologicalfunction • The optimum satisfaction of allthetypesoffunctionjustdescribed. • Circulatoryfunction • The making of appropriatespacestoaccommodate, direct and enhancemovementfromareatoarea • Physical/physiologicalfunction • Forexample a hospital

21. Furtherdefinitions and concepts

22. Pevsner • How does Pevsner define architecture? • What are the main factors that have effect on the aesthetic sensations we have on pieces of architecture? • What are the distinctive features of architecture that makes it special in contrast to other forms of art? • What is the relation between aesthetic value and function? • What is the relation between culture, technology and aesthetics?

23. Kahn • What is form? • Wheredowehavetodrawourinspirationfromfor designing a building? • What is therelation of meaningorinstitution and design?

24. Roth • What are the basic elements of architecture and “its ultimate test” according to Vitruvius? • What were the main problems of the twentieth century concerning function according to Roth? • What are the components of the concept function? • What is the relation of utilitarian and symbolic function? • What are the different examples of different functions? • What is the similarity of science and architecture according to Roth (and Kahn and Salk)?

25. Comparisons of Texts– Groupwork – Comparethefollowingconceptsindifferenttexts

26. Aestheticappeal - Design – Symbolic function Comparetheconceptsbasedontheliteraturewehaveread. • Definetheconcepts? • Whatarethesimilarities? • Whatarethedifferences? • Whyaretheyimportant? • Howdoyouapplythemregardingbuildings? • Describeexamples of eachofthem!

27. Application Describethisroom, and analyzeitsaesthetic, functionregardingthesecathegories

28. Analyze the building

29. Beijing – Olympic stadium Herzog & de MeuronArchitekten

40. http://www.360cities.net/image/beijing-national-stadium-birdsnest-olympic-green#376.56,9.52,130.0http://www.360cities.net/image/beijing-national-stadium-birdsnest-olympic-green#376.56,9.52,130.0

41. Guangzhou Opera House Zaha Hadid