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PART 2 Empires of the Ancient World

PART 2 Empires of the Ancient World. Greece, Rome & Christianity Civilizations of the Americas. Greece. Location : Southeastern Europe of the coast of the Aegean & Mediterranean Seas Early people were the Minoan Traders with Egypt & Mesopotamia Vanished 1400 B.C.

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PART 2 Empires of the Ancient World

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  1. PART 2Empires of theAncient World Greece, Rome & Christianity Civilizations of the Americas

  2. Greece • Location: Southeastern Europe of the coast of the Aegean & Mediterranean Seas • Early people were the Minoan • Traders with Egypt & Mesopotamia • Vanished 1400 B.C. • Mycenaeans will dominate next • Remembered best by Homer in Trojan War described in his two epic poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey • This civilization will decline too & Greeks to will step backward for a few centures

  3. Greece Con’t • Rise of the Greek city-states • Constant warring among themselves • Share common culture, language, religion & festivals • Skilled sailors & traders • Polis – city-state • Acropolis – high city (hilltop) • Believed in many gods & goddesses – dedicated their temples to them • Ground level was the walled main city

  4. Greece Con’t • Governing the City-States • 1st monarchy then power will shifts to wealthy landowners known as nobles or aristocracy (rule by a landholding elite) • New middle class of wealthy merchants, farmers, & artisans will form in some cities & challenge the nobles for power • Oligarchy • Sparta & Athens • Sparta – warrior society (women had responsibility) • Athens – gov’t by the people – democracy (only male citizens participated) • Persian Wars – Greek city-states will thrive and Athens will develop direct democracy

  5. Greece Con’t • Greek artists, writers & philosophers against the idea the gods caused certain events to happen • Focus more on observation & reason to the causes • Famous philosophers: • Socrates • Plato • Aristotle • Developed new ideas about truth, reason, justice & gov’t

  6. Greece Con’t • Alexander & the Hellenistic Age • King Philip of Macedonia will take over Greece • Once he dies, his 20 yr old son will take over • Over a 12 year period earns title of Alexander the Great due to his many conquests • He will help spread Greek culture & will be blended with Persian, Egyptian, & Indian cultures to create the Hellenistic civilization

  7. Rome • Small city-state in Italy ruled by the Etruscans • Overthrow the Etruscan King & vow to never have a king again • Set up a Republic • Patricians (wealthy landowners) • Plebeians (commoners) • 270 B.C. Rome occupied all of Italy • Used skillful diplomacy • Well-disciplined army • Treat the defeated enemies with mercy • Controlled busy trade routes all over the Meditteranean • Corruption & self-interest replaced virtues of hard work & devotion to duty – leads to civil war

  8. Rome • Octavian restores order (exercises absolute power) • Helps bring end of the Roman Republic & will create a Roman Empire • Created a stable gov’t • Economic reforms • Over a 200 year period was the PaxRomana(Roman Peace) • Rome was a bridge between the east and the west – infusing Greek & Hellenistic achievements • Admired the Greeks • Romans are known for their roads, bridges, aqueducts & harbors • Also known for Roman law that influences future legal systems in Europe & Latin America

  9. Rise of Christianity • Rose during the PaxRomana in the Roman-held lands of the Middle East • Leading figure was Jesus born around 4 B.C. • Believed to be the messiah (savior sent by God to lead the Jews to freedom) • Teachings are firmly rooted in the Jewish religion • Monotheistic • Accepted the Ten Commandments • Jesus will call himself the son of God & taught that it was his mission to bring salvation & eternal life to all of God’s children • Romans felt he was a trouble maker • Jewish priests felt he would lead the Jews into rebellion • Jesus will be executed & his disciples (followers) believed that he had risen from the dead, spoke them & then ascended to heaven • Eventually a few Jews will accept the teaching of Jesus was the Messiah & become the 1stchristians • Paul, a Jew, will help spread the faith to non-Jews • Christians will be persecuted for a time period but eventually Christianity will reshape Roman beliefs

  10. Civilizations of the Americas • Olmec – 1st American civilization near Mexico • Trade, invented a calendar & carved hieroglyphic writing • Zapotec – also in Mexico • Trade, large stone temples, a writing system, ball courts to play games • Maya – A.D. 300-A.D. 900 • Southern Mexico through Central America • Aztecs – 1400s conquered most of Mexico • Empire 30 million people • Complex social structure • Many rituals & sacrifices • Moctezuma’s death will mark the end of Aztec empire • Inca – 1400s came from Andes Mts of Peru • Centralized gov’t ruled by a god-king & powerful priests • Established a great road system (14,000 miles) • Civil war broke out, left them weak & vulnerable to Spanish to finally take over

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