Space Exploration Vision “This cause of exploration and discovery is not an option we choose;

Space Exploration Vision “This cause of exploration and discovery is not an option we choose; it is a desire written in the human heart.” – President Bush January 14, 2004

The Vision for Space Exploration NASA is charting a bold new course into the cosmos, a journey that will take humans back to the Moon, and eventually to Mars and beyond. The Vision for Space Exploration calls for a "building block" strategy of human and robotic missions to achieve new exploration goals.

One Step at a Time Affordable, Sustainable, Focused, Achievable NASA has the talent, experience and leadership to fulfill our destiny as Explorers

“As for the future, your task is not to foresee it, but to enable it.“ Antoine de-Saint-Exupery

International Space Station The Partnership

Russia’s Proton, Soyuz, and Progress vehicles America’s Space Shuttle • An international fleet of space vehicles will • Rotate crews (Shuttle and Soyuz) • Deliver propellant and supplies • Replenish science experiments Japan’s H2 Europe’s Ariane 5

COMING SOON TO A CITY NEAR YOU! THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION http://spaceflight.nasa.gov +realtime data+sighting + city

Preparing for Mars Exploration: Next Stop - Our Moon Our Moon as a test bed

Future Lunar Base?

Carbon Dioxide (CO2): 95.32% • Nitrogen (N2): 2.7% • Argon (Ar): 1.6% • Oxygen (O2): 0.13% • Water (H2O): 0.03% • Neon (Ne): 0.00025 % • Martian air contains only about 1/1,000 as much water as our air, but even this small amount can condense out, forming clouds that ride high in the atmosphere or swirl around the slopes of towering volcanoes. Moon Radius(km) Mass(kg) Distance (km) PHOBOS 13.5x10.8x9.4 1.08e+16 9,380 DEMOS 7.5x6.1x5.5 1.80e+15 23,460

Mars Exploration Program Launch Year

Key Technology Challenges • Space Transportation • Safe, fast, and efficient • Affordable, Abundant Power • Solar and nuclear • Crew Health and Safety • Counter measures and medical autonomy, environmental monitoring and control • Optimized Robotic and Human Operations • Dramatically higher productivity; on-site intelligence • Space Systems Performance • Advanced materials, low-mass, self-healing, self-assembly, self-sufficiency… Invariant Manifolds RLV Aerobraking NEP Space Solar Power Artificial Gravity M2P2 L1 Outpost Robonaut Gossamer Telescopes Nanotube Space Elevator

Employing Human and Robotic Capabilities NASA will send human and robotic explorers as partners, leveraging the capabilities of each where most useful.

5-10 yrs Now 15-25 yrs “Breakthroughs” for Medical Autonomy Candidate Technologies: Space Clinic First Aid Cybermedicine Digital Human Leading Candidates with potential high payoff • Comments & Recommendations • Bio-info-miniaturization revolutions of the mid ‘90s need to be incorporated into Space Medicine R&D. • Develop next generation research instruments • Correlate gene function with metabolic effects • Leverage external partnerships • Conduct high fidelity mission sims • Digital Human • Micro-nano instruments • Haptic interfaces • Molecular sensors • Smart materials and systems • Biotechnology/bioinformatics • Artificial G therapy • Gene function research

Biomass Production Description Production of Fresh Food Supplements for Transit Production of Fresh Food Supplements for Planetary Surface provide fresh crop foods for 10% of crew’s diet. The unit would also provide 20% of the crew’s O2needs and 20% of the CO2 removal. Bioregenerative Life Support Expanded or multiple CPS units to provide 25% of the diet and 50% of atmospheric regeneration.

Waste ManagementCurrent State-of-the-Art Disposable Feces container. Untreated Waste Collection System Hand Compacted Waste - Shuttle

Space Exploration Vision “This cause of exploration and discovery is not an option we choose;