Welcome to Ireland

1. Welcome to Ireland Land,People,and Histroy

2. Contents 01 The Ireland of England 02 Geography 03 Population 04 History

3. 01 The island of England PART ONE

4. Location and Constituents • The island of England is suited off the northwest coast of Great Britain,divided from Scotland by a narrow strait of water. • The whole island has two jurisdictions: the Republic of Ireland Northern Ireland.

5. 02 Geography PART TWO

6. Land 1)The first impression of Ireland is the intense green and the grasslands flourishing in all seasons. 2)The island of Ireland resembles a tea saucer.It has a large central lowland comprised of limestone and occasional relief of which rises at the coastline. 3)Ireland has a smaller range of native flora and fauna than that is found elsewhere in Europe

7. Climate • Ireland has a temperate climate. • 1)It does not change from one season to another. • 2)Snow and ice are rare. • 3)The frequent rain makes it always damp.

8. Environment • Under threat of the economic development. • 1)The economy of Ireland has been booming in recent years and thus it has become the “Celtic Tiger”. • 2)Over-development of many resorts has led to a despoliation of many landscapes. • 3)The new method of intensive have led to pollution of springs and lakes.

9. 03 Population PART THREE

10. 1.Features • 1)A young nation. • According to the 1996 Census,Ireland is a young country with more than half of the people under the age of 25. • 2)Homogeneity(种族单一) • The population of the Republic of Ireland is stable and homogeneous,as 93% of the people were born in the Republic,based on the 1996 Census.

11. 2. Great Famine Time:1845 to 1848 Event: successive potato crops failed and many people of Ireland starved to death,or died of the disease which preyed on malnutrition.Many left the country for the new world.

12. 2.Great Famine • 2）Consequences • The Great Famine became a watershed in Irish history,not merely bacause there was mass starvation and emigration, but also because the British government appeared to be indifferent to the fate of the poorest people in its nearest colony. • Naturally,thisperiod is characterized by campaigns for national independence and land reform.

13. 2.Great Famine 3.Emigrations 1) Before the Great Famine ①　Who : People from the Northern part of Ireland who usually had some education and modest amount of money. ②　Why :To better their economic position. ③　Destination : The New World which was opening up in Canada and America. 2)During and after the Great Famine ①　Who : People all over Ireland. ②　Why : As a result of Great Famine. ③　Destination : The New World. ④　Result the immmediate result of Great Famine was a decimation of population,which about half its population lost.

14. 04 Histroy PART FOUR

15. 1.The Celts It is believed that the Celtic invaders came to Ireland in the 6th century BC. They were a warrior culture. Irish,isthe first official language of the Republic of Ireland. Celts also brought a legal system---the Brehon law.

16. 2.The coming of Christianity • Christianity was brought to Ireland by Saint Patrick in the5thcentury.

17. 3.Viking invasion 7th to the 12thC 11th and 12th C 01 02 03 Vikings invaded Ireland The Vikings did much to develop commerce in medieval Ireland a period of progress in Ireland

18. 4.English invasion Henry II,establish himself as overlord of Ireland 1771 Henry VIII declared himself king of Ireland 1541 Queen Elizabeth I’s army defeated the Irish at the Battle of Kinsale 1601 the English sought to impose their Protestantism in the Irish colony from 16th century onward 5)The Act of Union was signed,Ireland was officially a part of Britain. 1800

19. Irish Independence The Society of the United Irishmen Independent Parliament The Irish Republic Brotherhood 1798 uprising Home Rule SSet-up ofSinn Fein The Anglo-Irish Treaty The Easter Rising

20. 5.Irish Independence • 1)Independent Parliament • In 1782,the Irish parliament was granted independence.Ireland was now effectively a separate kingdom sharing a monarch with England. • 2)The Society of the United Irishmen • In 1791,the Society of the United Irishmen was founded to press for radical reform.

21. 5.Irish Independence • 3)1798 uprising • 4）The Irish Republic Brotherhood(爱尔兰兄弟会) • The Irish Republic Brotherhood(IRB),a secret society struggling for national independence,was founded in 1858.But their uprising in 1867 was easily put down.

22. 5.Irish Independence • 5）Home Rule (地方自治)in 1914 • In 1870, a constitutional movement seeking Home Rule was instituted up by Isaac Butt.The Home Rule Bill(自治法案) was finally passed in 1914.

23. 5.Irish Independence Arthur Griffith developed a political party in the period of 1905 to 1908,known as Sinn Fein---meaning “we ourselves” in the Irish language. 1 6）Set-up of Sinn Fein The Sinn Fein policy was that Irish MPs should withdraw from Westminster and establish an independent parliament. 2 Traditionally,Sinn Fein had close links with the Irish Republican Brotherhood. 3

24. 5.Irish Independence • 7）The Easter Rising • ①It was an rebellion by Irish nationalists against British rule on 24 April 1916(Easter Monday). • ②The Irish Volunteers,led by Patrick Pearse and the Irish citizen Army,led by James Connolly,staged the uprising. • ③The British crushed the rising within a week and executed its leaders. • ④A wave of nationalist sentiment produced an electoral victory for Sinn Fein in 1918.

25. 5.Irish Independence • 8）The Anglo-Irish Treaty • ①In December, 1921,the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed. • ②According to it,26 countries in the southern part of Ireland gained dependence as the new Irish Free State,while six countries in the north remain a part of the UK,known as Northern Ireland.These six countries were granted their own parliament in Belfast in 1920. • ③This marks the independence of the Republic of the Ireland.

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