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AOS 1

Australian Indigenous Culture. AOS 1. PLAN . Excursion update Review holiday homework Intro activities booklet. Key terms to know:. Culture Material Non Material Sociological imagination – Ellis model Ethnocentrism Cultural relativism Protection Assimilation Segregation integration.

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AOS 1

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  1. Australian Indigenous Culture AOS 1

  2. PLAN • Excursion update • Review holiday homework • Intro activities booklet

  3. Key terms to know: • Culture • Material • Non Material • Sociological imagination – Ellis model • Ethnocentrism • Cultural relativism • Protection • Assimilation • Segregation • integration

  4. Intro - Activities • intro to course\intro lesson -STEEREOTYPES ABOUT INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIANS.docx • intro to course\intro lesson- What is Australian Indigenous culture.docx • intro to course\intro lesson-Aboriginal Australia Information Deficit Syndrome.docx

  5. Background: Australian Indigenous Culture • Australian Indigenous cultures – oldest living in the world • Indigenous people believed to have been in Australia for at least 50 000 years (ABS, 2011) • Indigenous people come from a range of diverse Aboriginal nations many with their own languages and traditions

  6. Who’s who? • Torres Strait Islander people come from the islands of the Torres Strait between the tip of Cape York in Queensland and Papua New Guinea • Indigenous people come from mainland Australia, Tasmania and surrounding offshore islands • Today both of the above live in a variety of settings – most live in urban areas, while some live on the fringes of towns and cities or within remote communities in rural Australia.

  7. An Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander is a person: • Of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent • Who identifies as an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander and • Is accepted as such by the community in which he/she lives. - Pg 21

  8. Background History • From 1788 – British wanted Australia to be a colony of settlement • Indigenous peoples lands we taken over on the premise that the land belonged to no one “terra nullius” (means land of no one in latin) • Colonial take over was based on the assumption that British culture was superior to all others • Many Indigenous people were killed or driven from their traditional lands by the European colonists

  9. Problems … • Lives were lost from diseases that Aboriginal people had no resistance to such as small pox, influenza and measles • The new government thought Indigenous people should speak English, obey British Law and live a British way of life • Many tribal groups had to live together on missions and reserves and were forbidden to practise their cultures and speak their languages • As a result many cultural traditions and languages have been lost forever

  10. 1992 – Indigenous Australians recognised as the traditional owners of tracts of land by the High Court Of Australia • Eddie Mabo see pg 7 • Today Australian Indigenous people continue to keep their cultural heritage alive by passing their knowledge, arts, rituals and performances from one generation to another

  11. Activities • Face the facts – update facts sheets • Watch the beginning of the First Australians SBS documentary • Create a detailed timeline of Australian history

  12. Many nations, one peopleintro to indigenous culture • http://www.abc.net.au/schoolstv/nations/

  13. Australian Indigenous Culture- Koorie Bunjil the Eagle Kulin Nation William Barak (1824-1903) http://www.yarrahealing.catholic.edu.au/stories-voices/index.cfm?loadref=79 Read Text: p. 5-7.

  14. Koorie

  15. Material culture • Physical objects, artefacts, resources and spaces of a society which are passed onto subsequent generations • Arts • Crafts • Clothing • Homes • Schools • Technology • Tools • cities

  16. Non material culture • Non physical creations and ideas of a society • Knowledge, beliefs, languages, symbols and social norms which are transmitted across generations • When analysing non material culture sociologists refer to several processes that a society uses to shape or control its members these are Values, symbols, languages and norms

  17. Values and symbols • Values – abstract ideas about what is good and right • Broad guidelines for acceptable behaviour • Key values in Australian culture include; democracy, freedom of speech and a ‘fair go’ • For AIP values were derived from the ‘Dreaming’ • Symbols - Anything that acquires a particular meaning that is recognised by the people sharing a culture e.g., a word, sound, graffiti, sculpture and flag

  18. Indigenous Non-Material Culture: Values Bunjil

  19. Indigenous Non-Material Culture • Symbols

  20. Symbols

  21. Languages • Language • Ability to communicate thorough spoken or written word is a unique and important feature of human cultural groups • Australian Indigenous – oral history • Indigenous languages of Victoria • Kulin Languages – Western and Eastern Kulin • Gulidjan or Colac language • Gunditjmara/Warrnambool langauge (se pg 11)

  22. Social norms • Social norms • Shared rules that exist in every culture that act as a guide for a wide range of behaviour • See difference between norms and mores (more-rayz) pg 12 -13

  23. Indigenous cultural heritage article • dot 1 - meaning of culture\Indigenous culture article.docx

  24. Short film – the land is your mother • http://www.acmi.net.au/dst_land_is_mother.htm

  25. Culture – material vs non material • Complete material vs non material culture sheet.doc • dot 1 - meaning of culture\Material Vs non material culture summary activity.docx

  26. Mills and Ellis The Australian Sociologist, Evan Willis has developed a useful framework to assist in the process of sociological analysis. Willis drew on the work of Mills (1959) and Giddens (1986) * Create a table that explains Gidden's, Mills and Ellis’s theory of the sociological imagination

  27. Sociological imagination • TASK: Analysis of the stolen generation using Willis model using diagram on pg17 and links on pg 18 • Complete activity 3.02 pg 17

  28. Article on stolen generation • dot 2 - sociological imagination ethnocentrism and cultural relativism\Sorry Day and the Stolen Generations.docx - sociological imagination analysis.docx

  29. '

  30. Stolen generation analysis

  31. What is a representation? • The creation in any medium of aspects of ‘reality’ such as people, places, objects, events, cultural identities and other intangible concepts • Can be historical or modern • Can be presented in many forms – oral speech or writing, still or moving picture • See analysis table

  32. Ethnocentrism • W.G. Summer • Belief that an individuals culture is superior to that of other cultural groups • Leads to a prejudice attitude • Exists in all people in all societies

  33. Ethnocentric representations of Indigenous culture - HISTORICAL • Historical representations of AIC influenced by ethnocentric views of British colonists • Indigenous people seen as ‘noble savages’ • Seen as the lowest form of human kind on the ‘Great Chain of Being’ – Europeans were placed highest and Indigenous Australians lowest nearest to animals • Natural selection/evolution of natural world – scientific racism  Indigenous Australians biologically and culturally inferior to British colonisers • Race doomed to extinction • Indigenous cultural symbols in art gradually gained acceptance but understood through the category of primitive art

  34. Contemporary ethnocentrism • Exclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples from representations such as print and television advertising • Stereotypical portrayals of Australian Indigenous people in tourism advertising reflecting the ‘noble savage’ • The ongoing myth in film and TV that most Indigenous Australians live in remote and regional pars of Australia • The over-reporting in news and current affairs programs of Indigenous Australians as victims and perpetrators of violence and/or paternalistic (authoritarian) reporting of social disadvantage

  35. Complete Activity 3.06 pg 24 and write a detailed summary of what is on the web addresses on pg 25

  36. Cultural Relativism • Practice of judging a society by its own standards • Encourages sociologists to refrain from passing judgement on unfamiliar cultural practices • Necessitates a tolerance and respect for cultural practices that may seem strange or unusual to the observer • Requires people to avoid being biased when evaluating ‘other’ customs, practices and behaviours

  37. Culturally relative representations of Indigenous culture • Education and awareness programs – Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) repsonsiblke for national curriculum from kinder – 12 (developed in consultation with Indigenous consultation bodies) •  recognise need for all Australian children to understand Indigenous culture (

  38. Political activism • Albert Namatjira’s social movement for full citizenship rights in the 1950’s • Freedom Ride 1965 • Australian Human Rights Commission calling for Australian Constitution to be amended to recognise Australia’s first peoples

  39. Protocols and Sanctions • Commonwealth – Racial Discrimination Act (1975) • Racial Hatred Act (1995) • Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act (1986) • Victoria Racial and religious Tolerance Act (2001) • Equal Opportunity Act (1995) • See pg 26 bottom websites and take note of why they are culturally relative representations

  40. Complete the following activities • dot 3 - range of historical and contemporary reprsentqations\Media ANALYSIS of issues in jan 2012 holidays and background knowledge sheets.docx • dot 3 - range of historical and contemporary reprsentqations\lesson 1 - Understanding Representations 2012.docx

  41. Media Activity • See representation booklet • Tent embassy • Australia Day • Cartoon analysis • Annotated folio task – see pg. 53 of study design

  42. Film and Indigenous representations • dot 3 - range of historical and contemporary reprsentqations\Indigenous film representations.docx

  43. Watch below – written by Fay June ball – song about white Koories • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7uMP7ryYhM • Watch BBQ area

  44. Film and television titles written and directed by an Indigenous person. • http://aso.gov.au/titles/indigenous/written-directed/

  45. Australian Indigenous culture for building awareness and perception of that culture • Healing • Challenging stereotypes • Strengthening Indigenous culture dot - implications of different ways of representing\actiivty on implications of representing.docx

  46. Read pg 28 “British Museum to hand back Indigenous remains” • How might the return of the remains potentially lead to • Healing • Challenging stereotypes • Survival of Australian Indigenous culture?

  47. Watch first Australians Ep 3 • The historical suppression of Australian Indigenous culture through protection, segregation, assimilation and integration policies And Australian Indigenous responses to this suppression

  48. Historical suppression of AIC • From colonisation – Australian Indigenous people subject to formal government policies AIMED TO SUPPRESS THEIR CULTURE • Culture suppression occurs when a culture is overpowered and dominated – coinciding with the promotion of another culture

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