CS 325: CS Hardware and Software Organization and Architecture

1. CS 325: CS Hardware and SoftwareOrganization and Architecture Introduction

2. Outline • Get to know each other • Course information • Course website • Syllabus • Term project

3. Myself • Dr. Michael Galloway • COHH 4135 • jeffrey.galloway@wku.edu • Ph.D. – Computer Science – The University of Alabama, Aug. 2013 • Specialization: Parallel and Distributed Computing, Cloud Computing Local Infrastructure as a Service Cloud Architectures • M.S. – Computer Science – The University of Alabama, May 2008 • Specialization: VANETs, MANETs, Network Protocols • B.W.E – Wireless Engineering – Auburn University, December 2005 • Specialization: Wireless Communication Protocols, Resource Management of Handheld Devices. • Taught classes at 6 colleges and universities • First time teaching computer organization and architecture • Current Research: Infrastructure Cloud Architectures, Automated Resource Deployment, Vertical Educational Clouds, Power Modeling • Co-Chair: WKU ACM Student Chapter – Everyone should join!!

4. Yourself • Your name • What you would like to be called • What would you like to learn from this class? • Anything you would like us to know

5. Course Description • This course will provide a means for advanced coverage of computer systems and architecture, provide a bridge between low-level hardware systems and operating systems programming and provide a means for in-depth coverage of new generation hardware and computer systems. • Topics include computer number representations, computer arithmetic, CPU operations, instruction sets, I/O memory management, system performance, and parallelism.

6. Important Information • Course Website: • http://ip204-5.sth.wku.edu//cs325Web/ • Required Book: • “Computer Organization and Architecture” by William Stallings, ninth edition. • Office Hours: • 8am – 11am on Tuesday, Thursday

7. Why Should We Study Computer Architecture? • It’s required  • Understand computer performance and cost factors. • Basis for understanding OS and programming concepts. • Understand how to write programs that are: • Faster • Smaller • Less prone to error • To appreciate the relative cost of operations and the effect of programming choices. • Helps you to debug.

8. The Bad News… • Digital Hardware • Is complex • Cannot be fully understood in one course • Requires background in electrical engineering, physics, chemistry • The CPU is the most complex device created by humans. • Over 2 Billion transistors (2013) • Transistor switching speed of over 4 billion/sec (4Ghz) • 22nm fabrication process, and getting smaller • 14nm scale projected for 2014 • ~60 Si atoms!

9. The Good News! • It is possible to understand the architectural components without knowing all of the low-level details. • Programmers only need to know the essentials • Characteristics of major components • Role in overall system • Consequences for programmers

10. Computer Architecture Computer Organization

11. 370 Architecture IBM System • IBM System/370 architecture • Was introduced in 1970 • Included a number of models • Could upgrade to a more expensive, faster model without having to abandon original software • New models are introduced with improved technology, but retain the same architecture so that the customer’s software investment is protected • Architecture has survived to this day as the architecture of IBM’s mainframe product line • 370 Architecture still in use by IBM today! • IBM zSeries • IBM zEnterprise Series

12. Backward compatible instruction set architectures Intel x86 • 1978 – Introduced 8088, 16 – bit • 80186, 80286 • 1985 – 80386, 32 – bit • 80486, Pentium, Pentium MMX • 1995 – Pentium Pro • Pentium II, Pentium III • 2000 – Pentium 4 • 2006 – Core 2, 64 – bit, multi-core • 2008 – Core i3/i5/i7 • Atom

13. Basic Structure of Computers

14. Sharing the CPU (Context Switching)

15. CPU Cache

16. Function A computer can perform four basic functions: Data processing Data storage Data movement Control

17. Operations (a) Data movement

18. Operations (b) Data storage

19. Operations (c) Data movement

20. Operations (d) Control

21. The Computer

22. Structure

23. CPU – controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions • Main Memory – stores data • I/O – moves data between the computer and its external environment • System Interconnection – some mechanism that provides for communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O There are four main structural components of the computer:

24. Control Unit • Controls the operation of the CPU and hence the computer • Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) • Performs the computer’s data processing function • Registers • Provide storage internal to the CPU • CPU Interconnection • Some mechanism that provides for communication among the control unit, ALU, and registers CPU Major structural components:

25. Summary • Computer Organization • Computer Architecture • Function • Data processing • Data storage • Data movement • Control • Structure • CPU • Main memory • I/O • System interconnection • CPU structural components • Control unit • ALU • Registers • CPU interconnection

26. Internet Resources- Web site for book • http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA9e.html • Links to sites of interest • Links to sites for courses that use the book • Errata list for book • Information on other books by W. Stallings • http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html • Math • How-to • Research resources • Misc