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Nuclear Instrumentation

Nuclear Instrumentation. CEU 2014 Waikoloa Resort Hawaii. Nuclear Instrumentation & Signal Processing. TUNL REU Lecture. Mohammad W. Ahmed. What is all this mess ?. Closer Look. Seems to be some organization in this mess. Interaction. Instrumentation. Analysis/Results. Interaction.

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Nuclear Instrumentation

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  1. Nuclear Instrumentation

  2. CEU 2014 Waikoloa Resort Hawaii

  3. Nuclear Instrumentation & Signal Processing TUNL REU Lecture Mohammad W. Ahmed What is all this mess ?

  4. Closer Look Seems to be some organization in this mess

  5. Interaction Instrumentation Analysis/Results

  6. Interaction Instrumentation Detectors Electronic Modules Analysis/Results Computers

  7. Interaction Instrumentation Signal Signal Processing & Logic Analysis/Results Event Reconstruction

  8. 10010011010010111 Signal Signal Processing Event Reconstruction Interaction Picture Energy, Time, Frequency, etc

  9. What are Signals ? Voltage as a function of Time v t

  10. Type of Signals Bi-polar Positive DC Negative Short Long NIM TTL ECL

  11. Signal Characterization t 0 D t v D v t

  12. What do we get out of signal characterization ? • Amplitudes (Pulse Height = Peak Voltage); • Time (Duration = dt, Start time, t0; • Charge Q iR + Q/C = Vo dQ/dT + Q/RC = Qo/RC … D D Q = (V0/R e – t/RC) t

  13. D D V V Examples of Signal Characterization and Interaction Picture Example 1 Gamma-Ray of 1.46 MeV Gamma-Ray of 2.61 MeV V V D V T T

  14. After Catching 1000 Gamma-rays of 1.46 MeV and 2.61 MeV Counts 2.61 1.46 Energy (MeV) D Energy = Constant X V Acquiring the Constant is called Energy calibration

  15. Example 2 n d2 n d1 n d0 T Time-of-Flight (TOF) is differnt

  16. Example 3 Pulse Shape Gamma-Ray neutron V T Start Time is the same, Amplitude is also same Charge (Q) is different (Pulse Shape Discrimination PSD)

  17. Signal Processing Making Copies Passive Splitting Active Splitting Electronic Module Simple “T” Linear/Logic Fan In/Out

  18. Linear Fan In/Out Modules

  19. Logic Creation (Yes/No) Presence of a signal Define the condition for a signal to be valid e.g., If the absolute amplitude is greater than 0.5 V than the signal is good Test Result the IN Out YES ! = - 0.5 V YES NO Discriminator

  20. Logic Modules

  21. Gain IN CG FG T Out Spectroscopy Amplifier “SpecAmp”

  22. Amplifiers

  23. Coincidence Did the two gamma-rays originate from the same source at the same time ? A B A+B A+B B A A B False True

  24. Coincidence A B C D IN Logic Inputs Logic Output Coincidence Unit Outputs

  25. Analog to Digital Convt (ADC) / DAC ADC (to computer) (From device) 0110010100111101 (To device) (From computer) 0110010100111101 DAC

  26. ADC 0 bit 0 bit Mask the signal by Bits 8 bit 13 bit Amplitude (0 to 10 V) is ranged from 0 to 8192 ADC Counts (for the case of 13 bits) More bits means better resolution !!!

  27. ADC Logic Gate Linear Inputs

  28. ADC

  29. Other Modules • Scalers; • Gate & Delay Generators; • Pulse Generators; • Filters; • High Voltage Generators; • Level Adaptors • etc.

  30. Fan IN/OUT, Disc., Amplifiers, etc The Whole System ADCs, TDC, Scalers, etc

  31. Cables & Connectors

  32. BNC Connectors 50 ohm cable 93 ohm cable

  33. BNC SHV High Voltage MHV High Voltage

  34. LEMO Cable BNC Cable LEMO to BNC Cables

  35. BNC Term. BNC “T” LEMO “T” LEMO Term. BNC Barrel LEMO Barrel BNC to LEMO

  36. Where are all the cables and connectors in the Control Room ?

  37. A Complete Logic Diagram

  38. What do Computers do ? Acquire and process data DAQ and Analyzer DAQ is responsible of taking data from the electronics

  39. The Net Result

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