The World in 1891-1931 Pope Pius XI Quadragesimo Anno: the Encyclical Summary

1. QUADRAGESIMO ANNO QUADRAGESIMO ANNO The World in 1891-1931 Pope Pius XI Quadragesimo Anno: the Encyclical Summary

2. The World in 1891-1931 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 Rerum Novarum Quadragesimo Anno Timeline

3. The World in 1891-1931 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1891 Rerum Novarum Pope Leo XIII

4. The World in 1891-1931 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 • 1893 • “Panic of 1893” • Credit shortage • Economic depression • Unemployment • Violent protests

5. The World in 1891-1931 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 • 1894 • Pullman Strike in the U.S.A. • Pullman company town • Wage cuts, no rent cuts • American Railway Union support • Violent protests

6. The World in 1891-1931 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 • 1914-1918 • World War I • Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey) • Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, and Russia)

7. The World in 1891-1931 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 • 1917 • The Russian Revolution • Lenin establishes “Dictatorship of the Proletariat”

8. The World in 1891-1931 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 Winston Churchill Benito Mussolini & Adolf Hitler • 1919-1939 • Totalitarian • vs • Democratic State • Rise of Fascism, Communism, Nazism Vladimir Lenin

9. The World in 1891-1931 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 Feb. 6, 1922 Pope Pius XI Elected

10. The World in 1891-1931 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 • Oct. 31, 1922 • Fascist “March” on Rome • King Victor Emmanuel II invites Mussolini to come to Rome to take power King Victor Emmanuel II Benito Mussolini

11. The World in 1891-1931 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 • 1924 • Stalin wins power struggle in Communist Russia Joseph Stalin Leon Trotsky

12. The World in 1891-1931 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 • Oct. 29, 1929 • U.S. Stock Market Collapse • Great Depression begins • World-wide economic crisis

13. The World in 1891-1931 • 1931 • Nazis rise to power in Fascist Germany 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940

14. The World in 1891-1931 May 15, 1931 Quadragesimo Anno Pope Pius XI’s encyclical On Reconstruction of the Social Order 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940

15. Pope Pius XI • Born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti • Accomplished scholar, librarian, and priest • Vice prefect of Vatican Library under Pius X • 65 years old when elected Pope • Spoke out for human dignity • Spoke out against nationalism, racism, anti-Semitism, and totalitarianism • 1931 Papal letter Non abbiamo bisogno: one could not be both Fascist and Catholic. Boo

16. POP QUIZ! Pope Pius XI established: A. The Feast of Christ the King B. Vatican City as an Independent State C. Vatican Radio D. All of the above.

17. Pope Pius XI Dec. 11, 1925 Quas Primas • Established Feast of Christ the King “…We remember saying that these manifold evils in the world were due to the fact that the majority of men had thrust Jesus Christ and his holy law out of their lives… “…as long as individuals and states refused to submit to the rule of our Savior, there would be no really hopeful prospect of a lasting peace among nations… “…Men must look for the peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ.” (# 1)

18. Pope Pius XI Benito Mussolini • June 7, 1929 • Lateran Treaty • Independent State of the Vatican Cardinal Secretary of State, Pietro Gasparri (on behalf of Pope Pius XI)

19. Pope Pius XI • Feb. 12, 1929 • Vatican Radio • Established by Guglielmo Marconi and inaugurated by Pius XI Quick Question: What is Marconi renowned for inventing?

20. Pope Pius XI May 8, 1933 Canonization of St. Bernadette Soubirous Our Lady of Lourdes Quick Question: With what Marian apparition is St. Bernadette associated?

21. Quadragesimo Anno (40th Year) • 40th Anniversary of Rerum Novarum • Pope Pius XI’s encyclical on The Reconstruction of the Social Order

22. Three main parts: 1. Impact of Rerum Novarum upon the Church, civil authorities and other concerned parties i.e. labor unions (# 1-39) 2. Clarifies and Develops Social & Economic Doctrine contained in Rerum Novarum. (# 40-98) 3. Criticizes abuses of Socialism & “Economic Dictatorship”. (# 99-148) $

23. Part 1: Impact of Rerum Novarum (#1-39)

24. Impact of Rerum Novarum On The Church: "Not only did works of charity begin to multiply upon the urging of the Pontiff (Leo XIII), ...but new and…expanding organizations in which workers…of every kind, with the counsel of the Church and…under the leadership of her priests, give and receive mutual help and support." #24 On Civil Authorities: "A new branch of law has arisen...to protect the sacred rights of workers that flow from their dignity as men and Christians...with special concern for women and children. Much credit must be given for these improvements to the Encyclical on the Condition of Workers (Rerum Novarum)." #28 On Other Concerned Parties: "The rules issued by Leo XIII deserve the highest praise in that they have... encouraged Christian workers to found mutual associations according to their various occupations and taught them how to do so." #31

25. Part 2: Clarifying and Developing the Social & Economic Doctrine of Rerum Novarum (#40-98)

26. The Dignity of the Human

27. Role of the Church Does the Church have a right to speak on social and economic matters? Church is committed with the deposit of truth. #41 Church’s duty to interpret and teach moral law. #41 Condition of workers affects human dignity.

28. Property Rights Social/Public character of the right to property Private right to property Twin rocks of shipwreck. #46 Collectivism Individualism

29. Capital and Labor Capital has appropriated too much to itself. #54 Riches of socio-economic developments should benefit the common good. #57 Is the Church promoting distribution to those who refuse to contribute? If any man will not work neither let him eat. 2 Thes. 3:10 We must not be a burden to others when we can provide for ourselves. #57

30. Reform of Social Order We are presented with two “S” words. What are they? A. Sub Sandwich B. Solitaire and Slap-jack C. Solidarity and Subsidiarity

31. Solidarity The Human Family Responsibility for One-Another Just wage = opportunity to acquire private ownership. #63 Work-contract  Partnership-contract Employees become sharers in ownership. #65 Abuse of women & children in the workplace is wrong. #71 Low wage to fathers; mothers forced to work; children neglected. #71 Sufficient wage to support family. #71

32. Subsidiarity Matters ought to be handled by the smallest, lowest or least centralized competent authority. “It is an injustice and… grave evil… to assign to a greater and higher association what lesser and subordinate organizations can do.” #79 A central authority should perform only those tasks which cannot be performed effectively at a more immediate or local level. “The State will… do all those things that belong to it alone because it alone can do them: directing, watching, urging, restraining, as occasion requires and necessity demands.” #80

33. Part 3: Criticism of “Economic Dictatorship”, Socialism and Communism (#99-148)

34. Criticism of “Economic Dictatorship” $ $ $ $ $ $ “…Some Catholics who looked askance at the efforts of workers to form associations of this type as if they smacked of a socialistic or revolutionary spirit…” (#30) “The rules, therefore, which Leo XIII issued in virtue of his authority, deserve the greatest praise in that they have been able to break down this hostility and dispel these suspicions.” (#31) Contribution of Greed: “Free competition has destroyed itself…Economic dictatorship has supplanted the free market…The State has become a slave to greed.” (#109) Contribution of Industrialization: “Labor…is not a mere commodity. On the contrary, the worker's human dignity in it must be recognized. It therefore cannot be bought and sold like a commodity.” #83 People and raw materials entered factories, which ennobled the raw materials and degraded the people. (#135) A Socialist Solution?

35. Criticism of Socialism “Socialism can not be reconciled with the teachings of the Catholic Church because its concept of society is utterly foreign to Christian truth.” (#117) “Religious socialism, Christian socialism, are contradictory terms; no one can be at the same time a good Catholic and a true socialist.” (#120) “Having surveyed the present economic system, We have found it laboring under the gravest of evils. We have also summoned Communism and Socialism again to judgment and have found all their forms, even the most modified, to wander far from the precepts of the Gospel.” (#128) Criticism of Communism “One section of Socialism has sunk into Communism…Communism teaches and seeks two objectives: unrelenting class warfare and extermination of private property ownership… Communism is cruel and inhuman…it is an enemy and openly hostile to the Holy Church and to God Himself.” (#112)

36. The Pope’s Remedies

37. The Pope’s Remedies Unions must be founded in accordance with Pope Leo XIII's prescription: ”Moral and religious perfection ought to be regarded as their (unions) principal goal... when associations are founded upon religion... peaceful living together and prosperity will result." #32 Properity with Respect for the Laws of God: "Those who produce goods are not forbidden to increase their fortune...It is only fair that he who renders service to the community and makes it richer should also be made richer himself... provided all these things are sought with due respect for the laws of God." #136 Love and Charity must reinforce justice: "The law of charity, which is the bond of perfection, must always take a leading role...for justice alone can never bring about union of minds and hearts." #137 United Under God: "True cooperation is only possible for a single common good when the constituent parts of society deeply feel themselves members of one great family and children of the same Heavenly Father." #137

38. Summary Positive impact of Rerum Novarum on: Church, civil authorities, and other concerned parties Clarifies and develops social and economic principles in calling for the reconstruction of the social order based on the principles of S----- and S------ Warns of the dangers of unrestrained capitalism, and against a socialist solution.