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World War II 1931-1945

World War II 1931-1945. Chapter 24 & 25. I. Build Up to War. A. The Rise of Dictators. Why did dictators gain power?. Resentment over the Treaty of Versailles Great Depression- offered hope to improve the economy. Mussolini & Italy.

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World War II 1931-1945

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  1. World War II1931-1945 Chapter 24 & 25

  2. I. Build Up to War

  3. A. The Rise of Dictators

  4. Why did dictators gain power? • Resentment over the Treaty of Versailles • Great Depression- offered hope to improve the economy

  5. Mussolini & Italy • Fascism- aggressive nationalism, nation is more important than the individual • Founded by Benito Mussolini • Takes power in 1922

  6. Stalin and USSR • After Bolshevik Revolution- Communist gov in Russia • Joseph Stalin leader in 1926

  7. Hitler & Germany • Germany after WWI- • Resentment toward Allies • Huge debt (reparations) • Slow economy • Many new political parties start

  8. Hitler & Germany • National Socialist German Worker’s Party- Nazi Party- nationalist & anticommunist • Adolph Hitler • Austrian • Fought for Germany in WWI • Joins & soon leads Nazi Party

  9. Hitler & Germany • 1923- Beer Hall Putsch- revolution in Munich • Hitler arrested

  10. Hitler & Germany • In jail writes Mein Kampf • Calls for unification of all ethnic Germans • Germans are “master race”- Aryanism • Need Lebensraum- living space • Jews are inferior & responsible for the world’s problems

  11. Hitler & Germany • After prison, Hitler focuses on getting Nazis elected • 1932- largest party in Reichstag (legislature) • 1933- Hitler made Chancellor

  12. Hitler & Germany • Calls for new elections • Nazis intimidate voters • SA- Stormtroopers- Brown shirts • SS- body guards • Gestapo- part of SS- secret police • Nazis control gov

  13. Hitler & Germany • Hitler given dictatorial power • Calls himself the “Fuhrer” (leader)

  14. Japan • Great Depression hurts Japan (must import all raw materials- tariffs stop growth) • Military blames gov

  15. Japan • 1931- Military invades Manchuria (resource rich region of China) • Military overthrows gov

  16. The Axis Powers • It & Germ sign treaties • Hitler calls it the “Rome-Berlin Axis” • Jap joins Ger • Called Axis Powers

  17. B. Axis Expansion

  18. Appeasement • Policy of many European leaders toward Hitler was appeasement- concessions for peace • Why?- • WWI • Thought Nazis would be peaceful after they got what they wanted • Agreed with uniting Germans

  19. Spanish Civil War • 1936- Francisco Franco- Fascist leader of rebellion • Supported by Germans & Italians • National government supported by USSR • Fascist win

  20. Austria • 1937 • Hitler invades and annexes Austria

  21. The Munich Crisis • 1938 • Germany wanted Sudetenland • region of Czechoslovakia • large German speaking population • Fr & USSR promised to protect Czech. • GB promised to support Fr

  22. The Munich Crisis • GB, Fr, It, & Ger meet in Munich to talk about crisis • Fr & GB give Sudetenland to Germ • Feel they have stopped war • Br. Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, says we have “peace in our time.”

  23. Thank you for your promise of peace. Sucker!

  24. Poland • 1939 • Hitler wants to connect Germany to East Prussia (Danzig) • Threatens Poland • Fr & GB agree to protect Poland

  25. Poland • Hitler doesn’t want to fight GB, Fr & USSR • Signs Non-aggression pact with USSR • Also split Poland • Invades Poland on Sept 1, 1939 • GB & Fr declare war on Ger

  26. C. The War Begins

  27. Blitzkrieg • Germ used Blitzkrieg to defeat Poland quickly • Used air power, fast armor & mechanized infantry • In April 1940, Ger invaded Norway & Denmark

  28. German troops in Warsaw

  29. Fall of France • Fr & GB prepare for war • Fr relies on Maginot Line- series of forts on Fr/Ger border • 1940- Ger attack Belgium & Netherlands, go around line • Trap much of Fr army

  30. Dunkirk • Fr & GB retreat to Dunkirk, a town on the English Channel • Ger delay attacking • Allows the “Miracle at Dunkirk” • Make shift fleet evacuates many soldier to GB • Fr surrendered 3 weeks later

  31. Battle of Britain • Hitler prepares to invade GB • British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, promises to resist

  32. Battle of Britain • Hitler uses the Luftwaffe (air force) to bomb Britain • Eventually, bombed Br. cities, especially London • British fighter pilots (RAF) attacked bombers • Secret weapon- radar • Hitler cancels plans after 4 months

  33. Operation Barbarossa • Hitler turns attention to USSR • Summer 1941- invades USSR • By Fall 1941, almost to Moscow • Stopped by Russian winter

  34. II. The Holocaust

  35. A. Persecution Begins

  36. Nuremberg Laws • September 1935- Nuremburg laws passed • Took away citizenship, right to work, own property, or marry non-Jews

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