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Bu lga ria

Bu lga ria. Geographical Position. Bulgaria is a country located in Southeastern Europe / on The Balkan Peninsula/. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south and the Black Sea to the east.

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Bu lga ria

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  1. Bulgaria

  2. Geographical Position • Bulgaria is a country located inSoutheastern Europe / on The Balkan Peninsula/. • It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south and the Black Sea to the east.

  3. Bulgaria covers an area of 111 001.9 square km. • Capital of Bulgaria – Sofia • Length – 330 km • Width – 520 km

  4. Relief • The relief forms are varied. They differ in age, type, origin, location. • The relief of Bulgaria includes : plains, lowlands, valleys, mountains. • The average altitude is 472 m.

  5. The largest plain is the Danube Plain • The largest mountain is The Balkan • The highest peak is Musala 2925m in Rila • The largest lowland is The Thracian Plain • The widest mountain is The Rhodope Mountains

  6. Climate • Bulgaria has a dynamic climate. There are 5 climatic zones. • Temperate continental zone – north Bulgaria, west valleys, • Transitional continental zone – the upper Thracian valley, Blagoevgrad • Mediterranean zone - the river Arda valley, valleys of rivers Mesta and Strouma • The Black Sea coastal zone • Mountain zone – above 1000m

  7. Mineral resources • Variety of metallic and non-metallic minerals. • Brown coal – Bobovdol, Pernik • Black coal – Dobrudja • Copper – Sredna Gora, The Balkan Moun. • Lead and zinc –Rhodopes • Iron ore – Kremikovtsi • Kaolin – Koalinovo • Gypsum – Koshava • Lignite Marishki basin

  8. Water • Bulgaria has a complex pattern characterized, with the exception of the Danube,by short rivers. • The major rivers are: Iskar(368), Maritsa, Srtuma, Arda, Thundzha, Yantra. • There are 500 mineral springs – Sapareva Banya, Velingrad, Hisaria, Velingrad etc. • Lakes may be coаstal, structural or krast in origin

  9. Soils • In Bulgaria there are 20 types and subtypes, grouped in 3 main regions • Northern Bulgaria – fertile black-earth (chernozems), gray forest soils • Southern Bulgaria – smolnitzas • Mountain regions – brown forest, dark mountain forest

  10. Plant and Animal life • Bulgaria's biodiversity is conserved in 3 national parks, 11 nature parksand 17 biosphere reserves. Nearly 35% of its land area consists of forests,where some of the oldest trees in the world, such as Baikushev's Pine and the Granit oak, grow. • Its flora encompass more than 3,800 species of which 170 are endemic and 150 are considered endangered. • The fauna is represented prominently by the brown bear and the jackal,while the Eurasian lynx and the Eastern imperial eagle have small, but growing populations.

  11. Population • The population of Bulgaria is 7 364 570 people, of whom a third live in the country’s three biggest cities, Sofia, Varna and Plovdiv. • Of the overall population, 51.3% are women and 48.7%- men. • Age structure: • 0-14 years: 14.6% (male 572,961; female 543,004) • 15-64 years: 68.5% (male 2,569,199; female 2,648,461) • 65 years and over: 16.9% (male 540,109; female 747,603) (2002 est.)

  12. Population growth rate: -1.11% (2002 est.) • Birth rate: 8.05 births/1,000 population • Death rate: 14.42 deaths/1,000 population • Net migration rate: -4.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population • Ethnic groups: Bulgarian 83.6%, Turk 9.5%, Roma 4.6%, other 2.3% (including Macedonian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian) (1998)

  13. Religions: Bulgarian Orthodox 83.8%, Muslim 12.1%, Roman Catholic 1.7%, Jewish 0.8%, Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian, and other 1.6% • Official language is Bulgarian.

  14. Economy • Bulgaria has an industrialized market economy in the upper middle income range, where the private sector accounts for more than 80% of GDP. • Functions on the principles of the free market, having a large private sector and a small, but strong public sector. • It has experienced rapid economic growth in recent years, even though its income level remains one of the lowest within the EU with an average monthly wage of 752 leva (384 euro).

  15. The strongest sectors are energy, mining, metallurgy, machine building, agriculture and tourism. Primary industrial exports are clothing, iron and steel, machinery and refined fuels. • Bulgaria is the largest world producer of rose and lavender oil, the most widely used essential oils in perfumery.

  16. Tourism • Tourism in Bulgaria is a significant contributor to the country's economy. • Winter tourist centres, such as Borovetz, Bansko, Pamporovo and Vitosha are picturesque and popular ski resorts. • Albena, Golden Sands and Sunny Beach are among the most popular and luxury resorts.

  17. Coastal resorts have numerous problems that make them unattractive. The coastline is heavily overdeveloped. Quality of services in most resorts is poor, and there have been cases of food and alcohol poisoning. Many foreign tourists are attracted by cheap alcohol, and some of them commit hooliganism. • Bulgaria is popular with its night and disco clubs attracting tourist in the sea resorts and also in the capital Sofia.

  18. Made by: EvgeniaDokova ViktoriaMihova 9 th grade

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