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Stan = Folkstone

The Battle of Maldon , 10 August 991. Stan = Folkstone. http://www.oldenglishaerobics.net/maldon.php. Byrhtnoð, ealdorman of Essex, , a powerful lord and a man of imposing appearence, apparently about 65 years old – hár hilderinc Many of Bryhtnoð’s men are named.

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Stan = Folkstone

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  1. The Battle of Maldon, 10 August 991 Stan = Folkstone

  2. http://www.oldenglishaerobics.net/maldon.php

  3. Byrhtnoð, ealdorman of Essex, , a powerful lord and a man of imposing appearence, apparently about 65 years old – hár hilderinc • Many of Bryhtnoð’s men are named. • Justin and Guðmund Steitan sunu = Jósteinn og Guðmundur Steitasynir ? • Ólafur Tryggvason afterwards King of Norway (995-1000) • Jósteinn in Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar is Ólaf’s paternal uncle, who sails to England to look for Ólaf.

  4. After harrowing in Folkestone and Sandwich, the “Danes” (Dene) (=Norwegians, mostly) sailed in 93 ships up the Panta (now River Blackwater) and encamped on Northey Island. • Bryhtnoð leads his fyrd to confront them • Godric who whiles away his time hawking • As the tide goes out, the Northmen try to come ashore over the causeway

  5. The channel narrow enough to shout over: 25 Þāstōd on stæðe,     stīðlīċeclypodewīċingaār,     wordummǣlde;   se on bēotābeadbrimlīþendraǣrændetōþāmeorleþǣrhē on ōfrestōd:   "Mēsendontōþēsǣmensnelle, 30 hētonðēsecganþætþūmōstsendanraðebēagaswiðġebeorge;     and ēowbetere is þætġēþisnegārrǣs     mid gafoleforġyldonþonnewēswāheardehildedǣlon.

  6. Byrhtnoð’s reply: 45 "Gehȳrstþū, sǣlida,     hwætþisfolcseġeð? Hīwillaðēowtōgafolegārassyllanǣttrynneord     and ealdeswurd ......

  7. Google maps

  8. Maldon:https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Maldon,+Essex,+United+Kingdom&hl=en&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=38.690438,67.763672&oq=Maldon+Essex&hnear=Maldon,+Essex,+United+Kingdom&t=m&z=13Maldon:https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Maldon,+Essex,+United+Kingdom&hl=en&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=38.690438,67.763672&oq=Maldon+Essex&hnear=Maldon,+Essex,+United+Kingdom&t=m&z=13 Folkestone: https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Folkestone,+United+Kingdom&hl=en&sll=51.162122,1.411743&sspn=0.959384,2.117615&oq=Folke,+United+Kingdom&hnear=Folkestone,+Kent,+United+Kingdom&t=m&z=13 Sandwich: https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Sandwich,+United+Kingdom&hl=en&ll=51.162122,1.411743&spn=0.959384,2.117615&sll=51.645294,0.788269&sspn=0.949301,2.117615&oq=Sandwich,+United+Kingdom&hnear=Sandwich,+Kent,+United+Kingdom&t=m&z=9

  9. Byrhtnoð decided to allow them to cross: Ðāse eorlongan     for his ofermōde • ālȳfanlandestōfelalāþereðēode. OnganċeallianþāofercaldwæterByrhtelmesbearn     (beornasġehlyston):   "Nūēow is ġerȳmed;     gāðriċenetōūs, gumantōgūþe.     God ānawāt 95 hwāþǣrewælstōwewealdanmōte."

  10. The tide goes out. The Vikings try to wade ashore, over the narrow causeway,but Wulfstan, Ælfhere and Maccus hold the ford • Se flōdūtġewāt.     Þāflotanstōdonġearowewīċingafela,     wīġesġeorne. Hētþāhæleðahlēohealdanþābricge75 wiganwīġheardne,     se wæshātenWulfstān, cāfne mid his cynne;     þætwæsĊēolansunuþeðoneforman man     mid his francanofscēatþeþǣrbaldlīcost     on þābricgestōp. Þǣrstōdon mid Wulfstānewiganunforhte, 80 Ælfere and Maccus,     mōdiġetwēġen, þānoldonætþāmfordaflēamġewyrċan,   ac hīfæstliċewiððāfȳndweredonþāhwīleþehīwǣpnawealdanmōston.

  11. Many speeches as the English are hewn down. Byrhtwoldmaþelode,     bordhafenode 310 (se wæsealdġenēat),     æscācwehte; hēfulbaldlīċebeornaslǣrde:   "Hiġescealþēheardra,     heorteþēcēnre, mōdscealþēmāreþēūremæġenlȳtlað. Hērlīðūreealdoreallforhēawen 315 gōd on grēote.     Ā mæġgnornian  se ðenūframþisumwīġpleganwendanþenċeð. Iċeomfrōdfēores;     framiċ ne wille,   ac iċmē be healfemīnumhlāforde,   be swālēofan men     licganþenċe."

  12. Comitatus • dryht, drótt (*druhtiz) дружи́на (друг) • Also hired (Norse hirð) • Tacitus . Germania Bk 1, beginning of chap. 14: When they go into battle, it is a disgrace for the chief to be surpassed in valour, a disgrace for his followers not to equal the valour of the chief. And it is an infamy and a reproach for life to have survived the chief, and returned from the field. To defend, to protect him, to ascribe one's own brave deeds to his renown, is the height of loyalty. The chief fights for victory; his vassals fight for their chief.

  13. Comitatus Cum ventum in aciem, turpeprincipivirtutevinci, turpecomitatui, virtutemprincipis non adaequare. Jam veroinfame in omnemvitam ac probrosum, superstitemprincipisuo ex acierecessisse. Illumdefendere, tueri, suaquoquefortiafactagloriaeejusassignare, praecipuumsacramentum est. Principes pro victoriapugnant; comites pro principe.

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