Large scale CDM methodologies for mass rapid transport systems

1. Large scale CDM methodologies for mass rapid transport systems Practitioner Workshop Improvement of CDM methodologies for transportation Bonn, Germany, March 2011 Victoria Novikova Associate Programme Officer-Methodology Development and Improvement

2. Outline • Overview of large scale methodologies for transportation under CDM • AM0031: determination of baseline, project & leakage emissions • ACM0016: determination of baseline, project & leakage emissions • Applicability of AM0031 & ACM0016 • Methodology application • Key challenges of CDM transport projects

3. Overview of large scale methodologies for transportation

4. AM0031 Baseline methodology for bus rapid transit projects

5. AM0031 Baseline methodology for bus rapid transit projects

6. AM0031: determination of baseline emissions

7. AM0031: project emissions Only from the new transport system: • Option 1. fuel consumption data • Option 2. specific fuel consumption & distance data

8. AM0031: leakage emissions Emissions included as leakage Congestion change provoked by project resulting in (inter alia): • Increased vehicle speed • Rebound effect • Upstream emissions of gaseous fuels in case more gaseous fuels are used by the project case compared to the baseline case Change of baseline factors monitored during project and included as leakage: • Change of load factors of taxis provoked indirectly by project • Change of load factor of remaining conventional buses provoked indirectly by project

9. ACM0016 Baseline methodology for mass rapid transit projects

10. ACM0016 Baseline methodology for mass rapid transit projects

11. ACM0016: determination of baseline emissions

12. ACM0016: project emissions

13. ACM0016: leakage emissions • Changes in the load factor of taxes & busses ; • Reduced congestion on affected roads (provoking higher average speeds, determined for passenger cars & taxis) • Induced traffic (for passenger cars & taxis) and rebound effect

14. Applicability AM0031 ACM0016 Construction & operation of BRTS (feeder + trunk routes) Construction & operation of MRTS or BRTS (trunk routes)

15. Methodology application

16. Key challenges of CDM transport projects • Baseline emissions determination • many dispersed emission sources • methodologies require surveys • indirect effects can be significant (e.g. positive and negative rebound effects) • Additionality demonstration • Investment analysis is more difficult in case of public investors (e.g. consideration of subsidies)

17. Thank you for your attention!

18. Supplementary slides

19. Methodology improvement: objectivity, applicability, and usability of methodologies • Readability and language • Internal consistency and consistency with other methodologies • Referencing tools • Use of conservative default values or discount factors to calculate emissions • Omitting insignificant emission sources • Relaxing applicability conditions (e.g. by making conservative assumptions for the calculation of emission reductions for the relevant project types) • Simplifying or replacing with conservative default values certain monitoring requirements