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Ideal Gas

Ideal Gas. Gas Expansion. For small changes in volume, gas acts like a liquid. Air (1 atm) b = 3400 x 10 -6  C -1 For a 40  C change this would be a 14% volume change. Not a small fraction of the total. Unlike a liquid, gas fills the whole volume. Atoms are free to move.

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Ideal Gas

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  1. Ideal Gas

  2. Gas Expansion • For small changes in volume, gas acts like a liquid. • Air (1 atm) b = 3400 x 10-6C-1 • For a 40 C change this would be a 14% volume change. • Not a small fraction of the total

  3. Unlike a liquid, gas fills the whole volume. Atoms are free to move. Volume depends on pressure and temperature. Filling the Volume liquid gas

  4. Equation of State • It is useful to find a single relation between the macroscopic properties. • Link density, volume, pressure, temperature • This describes the state of the system, and is called an equation of state.

  5. Boyle’s Law • Experimental observations show that the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure. • Fixed temperature • Use absolute pressure, not gauge pressure • Named after Robert Boyle who observed it in the 17th century.

  6. Charles’ Law • Pressure and mass can be kept constant for a gas. • The gas then does behave in a very linear way • Volume and temperature • Named after Jacques Charles who observed it in the 18th century.

  7. Low Temperature Limit • Gases will liquify before the volume reaches zero. • If it stays a straight line it reach zero volume. • That temperature is called absolute zero. • 0 K • -273.15 C • -459.67 F

  8. Gay-Lussac’s Law • Pressure is also related to the temperature. • The effect is linear if the volume is kept the same. • Named after Joseph Gay-Lussac who observed it in the early 19th century. hot high P cold low P next

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