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Basic Ecology I

Basic Ecology I. Energy Types of Ecosystems Productivity Energy Flow Trophic levels Food webs/chains. Energy: the ability to do work. Moving matter over a distance/ a heat transfer between two objects Kinetic energy: energy contained in moving objects Potential energy: stored energy

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Basic Ecology I

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  1. Basic Ecology I • Energy • Types of Ecosystems • Productivity • Energy Flow • Trophic levels • Food webs/chains

  2. Energy: the ability to do work • Moving matter over a distance/ a heat transfer between two objects • Kinetic energy: energy contained in moving objects • Potential energy: stored energy • Heat: energy transferred between objects • High and Low quality energy: concentrated versus diffused • Ie, wind compared to oil

  3. Thermodynamics • 1st law: energy is conserved • 2nd law: with energy transfer, less energy becomes available Potential and kinetic energy

  4. Energy and Ecosystems Chemosynthesis

  5. Ecosystems

  6. Productivity • Limits to Primary production • Light • Nutrients • Water • Temperature

  7. Energy Source for Ecosystem • Energy flows through ecosystem • Not recycled like matter • Continuous supply • Solar energy • Enters ecosystem through photosynthesis

  8. Equations for production • Biomass 1 = biomass 2 – NP (net production) • Three currencies of energy flow: biomass, energy content, carbon content

  9. Trophic levels • Autotrophs (Producers) • Heterotrophs (Consumers) • Detritivores (Decomposers)

  10. Trophic levels • Autotrophs (Producers) • Heterotrophs (Consumers) • Detritivores (Decomposers)

  11. Chemosynthetic Light is not the source of energy

  12. Energy & Biomass

  13. Energy and Biomass

  14. Food Chains/Webs

  15. Aquatic Food webs

  16. Limits to Food Chain Length • Energetic Hypothesis • Inefficiency of energy transfer • 10% rule • Dynamic stability hypothesis (length of chain)

  17. Applications Biomagnification Toxic materials: DDT, Hg, Pb Human trophic Level Dependent of where we Eat in the food chain. Should Humans eat lower on the Food Chain?

  18. Summary • Energy determines the limits of the food supply • Energy is fixed by autotrophs • Energy flow between levels depends on the efficiency of energy transfer

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