1 / 17

The Islamic Expansion: From Arabia to Europe

Explore the history of Islam's growth from the deserts of Arabia to the conquests in Europe under Mohammed's leadership. Discover the faith, government, economy, and culture of the Islamic Empire.

emilee
Download Presentation

The Islamic Expansion: From Arabia to Europe

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. HistoryProject “The Expansion of the Islam and the Muslimculture” Hinojo, Nicole Macazaga, Florencia Mastrolorenzo, Marco M1 “A”

  2. Menu Government and Economy Arabia and the Arabs The Turks Mohammed The Faith of Islam The Spread of Islam End

  3. Arabia and the Arabs The Penninsula of Arabia is mostly a desert with very little vegetation. In the past, it could only support nomadic herds men with their flocks of sheep. These nomadic arabs are called Bedouins and they were organised in tribes whose leader has absolute power and was called the “sheik”.

  4. In some coastal areas of Arabia there was more vegetation and it could support more people there, a lot of towns grew up and many of them became important trade centers. Different sort of goods came form Africa and Asia. The cities of Jidda (it was also a port) and Mecca. From there the caravans of traders move from their locations to the cities to sell and buy goods. Menu

  5. Mohammed Mohammed was born in Mecca about 570, orphaned at an easly age and spent his youth in poverty. He had little formal education and was a good caravan trader. While he was still a young man, he began to think more about problems of religion and conduct. By the time the Arabs workshipped many gods, Mohammed became convinced that there was only one God, whom he called Allah.

  6. At the age of forty, he had a great religious experience. He believed the archangel Gabriel had ordered him to bring the Arabs religious purity, but he did not claim to have supernatural powers. He, like Moses, considered himself a prophet and teacher. But his preaching met bitter opposition with the rulers of Mecca. Because of this, he took his little group of followers to a close town called Medina. This event is known as the Hegira, which means “flight”. It was such an important event in his life, that this date, 622, became the first year on the Muslim calendar. In Medina, he made many converts, and became the leader of these people. In a few years, he was made the head of an army and he captured Mecca. Thanks to toleration, wise policies and force, he coverted the Bedouin tribes to his religion. When he died in 632, almost all Arabia had accepted Allah. Menu

  7. The Faith of Islam The name that Mohammed gave to the new religion was “Islam” that means “to obey God” and “to be submissed to God”. The people who have the belief of Islam is called Muslim. The Holy Book for the muslims is the Corán that means “book of recital”. In this book there are teachings that come from the Bible and from Mohammed himself. It is written in Arab so that everyone could understand the message.

  8. The Muslimpeoplehadfourmainobligations: • TheyhavetopraytoGodfive times a dayfacing the direction of La Mecca. • 2) Theymustmake a pilgrimagetoMecca once in hislifetime. • 3) Theymustgivealmsto the needy. • 4) Theymustfastfromsunrisetosunsetduring the month of Ramadan. The month of Ramadanisconsidered the monthwhen Mohammed hadhis spiritual vision. Mohammed considered the values of humility, tolerance, obedience, generosity and justice as the most important once that all Muslims should have.

  9. A Muslim man was allowed to have up to 4 wives only if he could offer them the same material aspects. The Muslim religion does not allow to consume alcohol. It is not allowed in this religion to have representations or images of God or Mohammed. The Muslims accepted the concepts of Holy War: in the case the community felt threatened by enemies, they were allowed to declaire war and that God would protect them. There are not priests, no nuns, no monks, no pope in the Muslim religion. There is only a “Mullah” that is a Muslim person that guides the players. The most important religious building for the Islamic people is the Mosque (Mezquita). Menu

  10. The Spread of the Islam When Mohammed died in 632 AD hissuccessorsexpanded the new religion in all Arabia, northernpart of Africa and in the ByzantineEmpire. The Muslimswholive in Spain are calledMoors. At the otherend of the Mediterranean Sea the MuslimscouldenterintoEuropethrough the straight of Gibraltar. In 711 AD the Muslim general called Tarik defeated the King of the Visigoths and sincethen the Arabculture and peopleinfluencedgreatly in the Spanishterritory. By 732 AD the Moorswhoweretryingtoexpandover France weredefeatedby the father of Charles the Great. Menu

  11. Government and Economy At the head of the Governmenttherewas the supreme civil, military and religious leader of all the IslamicEmpire. He wascalledCaliph. The territory of the Empirewasorganisedintoprovinces. Later the Empirewasdividedintothreeparts. Eachpartwasruledby a Caliph: onewas in Bagdad, another in Cairo (Egypt), and the lastonewas in Cordova (Spain). Tradewas the mostimportantactivityfor the IslamicEmpire. Therewas a bigvariety of goodsfor trading. For the Arabs, therewasdevelopment of agricultureeverywhere. Menu

  12. Culture and Scholarship Eventhoughtheyweredividedpolitically, the Moslemremainedunited in onegreatcivilization. At first, the Arabswerebackwardpeoplebutstillintelligent. Iftheyformed ideas, customs and institutions, theywerealwayswillingtokeep the bestones. The Moslemculturewasveryadvanced. Scientistswrotebooksonmanysubjectstheirgeographers and navigatorswere the finest in the world. Theylearnedpaper – makingfromChinesse.

  13. Moslemshad a lot of medicalknowledge. In the 900’s at Bagdad, a MoslemphysiciancalledRhazeswroteaboutsmallpox, surgeydiseases of the eye and measles.

  14. Theywerealsoexcellentmathematicians. Two of the contributionstomathsfrom the Arabswere: • Theyperfected algebra as a science. • The introductionto the Western world of Arabicnumerals. Thereweretwoways in which the Europeans come intocontactwith the Moslemculture. OnewasthroughSpain and the otherthroughCrusades. The great era of the Moslemculturelastedfrom 700 to 1000 AD. Afterthat, menwhobelieved in “following the letter of the Koran” becamepowerful in the Moslemworld. Theycouldhave free thoughts and foreign ideas. Butinvasionsfrom the Turks and Mongolsbowered the cultural level of the Moslems. SinceSpainwas more independent, Moslemcultureflourishedlongerthere. Menu

  15. The Turks Before the 1300, the Arabshad a peacefulrelationshipwithmost of the peoplewholived in theirEmpire. But at the beginning of the 1300, a new group of TurkscalledOttomaninvadedsuccesfullymost of the Islamicterritories. ThenTurksinvaded a place thatwasverycloseto the capital of the ByzantineEmpire (Constantinople).

  16. By 1453 theyattackedConstantinopleitself and madeit the capital of the new OttomanEmpire. Beforethat the Emperor of the ByzantineEmpireaskedforhelpto the Christian Kingdoms of Europetoexpellied “the enemies of Christianity”. ThismilitaryexpeditionsthatwenttoPalestain and Eastern Asia are called “The Crusades”. Menu

  17. THE END

More Related