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ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah

ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah. The Judeo-Christian Foundations of Islam. Islam An Abrahamic Religion. Muslims are strict monotheists. They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah .

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ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah

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  1. ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah

  2. The Judeo-Christian Foundations of Islam

  3. IslamAn Abrahamic Religion • Muslims are strict monotheists. • They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they callAllah. • Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, are the word of God. Peoples of the Book

  4. Abraham’s Genealogy HAGAR ABRAHAM SARAH Ishmael Isaac 12 Arabian Tribes Jacob Esau 12 Tribes of Israel

  5. The Prophetic Tradition Adam Noah Abraham Moses Jesus Muhammad

  6. The Qur'an: God's Last Revelation

  7. The Origins of the Qur’an • Muhammad – Founder of Islam, once a wealthy Meccan merchant. • Received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610. • 622Muhammad flees Mecca for Medina after he called for Arabs to abandon their pagan idols and worship god. • Meccan merchants feared he would kill their business and therefore threatened to kill Muhammad instead.* The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)

  8. Muhammad converted many in Medina, raising an army of loyal Muslim followers. • 630– After defeating the Meccan merchants, Muhammad returned to Mecca triumphantly. • Began building an Islamic empire. • 632 – Muhammad dies without naming a successor.

  9. Caliph Leader of a Community of Muslims. Shiite Muslims who believe that Muhammad named his son-in-law Ali to be his successor. Therefore all Caliphs must descend from Ali. Sunni Muslims who believe that any good Muslim can be a Caliph. Leadership After Muhammad

  10. The Qur’an • Muslims believe it contains the word of God. • 114 suras (chapters). • Written in Arabic.

  11. The Five Pillars of Islam

  12. 1. The Shahada • The declaration of faith: There is no god worthy of worship except God (Allah), andMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet].

  13. 2. The Salat • The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day:* dawn* noon* late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed • Wash before praying. • Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.

  14. 2. The Salat • The call to prayer is given by the muezzin from the minaret. • Pray in the mosque on Friday.

  15. 3. The Zakat • Almsgiving (charitable donations). • Muslims believe that all things belong to God. • Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.” • About 2.5% of your income.

  16. 4. The Sawm • Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. • Considered a method of self- purification. • No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan. 4

  17. 5. The Hajj • The pilgrimage to Mecca. • Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime. • 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year. 5

  18. 5. The Hajj • Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the titlehajji to their name. 5

  19. The Dar al-Islam The Worldof Islam 1 2 3 4 5

  20. The Mosque • The Muslim place of worship.

  21. The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem Mount Moriah Rockwhere Muhammad ascended into heaven. Believed to be the rock where Abraham was going to sacrifice his son Isaac.

  22. Most holy temple in Islam. Muhammad believed it had been built by Abraham to worship God. Once had been filled with pagan idols. Muhammad cleared it upon his return to Mecca. Muslims pray towards the Kaaba and take the Hajj to pray at the Kaaba. The Kaaba

  23. Other Islamic Religious Practices • Up to four wives allowed at once. • No alcohol or pork. • No gambling. • Sharia law  body of Islamic law to regulate daily living. • Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.

  24. Essential Question: Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and convert so many to the new religion?

  25. The Spread of Islam • Easy to learn and practice. • No priesthood. • Teaches equality. • Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes. • Easily “portable”  nomads & trade routes. • Jihad(“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

  26. Countries with the Largest Muslim Population * Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world.

  27. Muslims in the WorldToday

  28. The Mongols and Genghis Khan

  29. Genghis Khan

  30. Kublai Khan(Grandson of Genghis)

  31. The PaxMongolica(Mongol Peace) • Under Mongol control, trade flourished throughout Eurasia. • The old trade networks were revived and travel through these networks was considered to be very safe.

  32. Marco Polo

  33. How did Marco Polo’s journey help inspire Europeans to think Globally? • Marco Polo’s accounts of his adventures through Eurasia, revealed how advanced and luxurious the east had become. These accounts aroused Europeans curiosity about the east and created a desire for the luxuries he had described.

  34. The Gunpowder Empires(~1450-1650)

  35. Gunpowder Empires Empires which arose in Islamic Eurasia, which possessed new technology (cannons, muskets, etc.) which helped them control large and diverse empires with a powerful central government.

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