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Chapter 6 Gene Technology

Chapter 6 Gene Technology. Chapter review…. Gene technology. Ethics. DNA recombinant technology. Gene library. Application . Genetic engineering. Gene cloning. Genomic library. cDNA library. Transgenic organism. DNA finger printing. tools. Genetically modified organism. Target gene.

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Chapter 6 Gene Technology

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  1. Chapter 6Gene Technology

  2. Chapter review… Gene technology Ethics DNA recombinant technology Gene library Application Genetic engineering Gene cloning Genomic library cDNA library Transgenic organism DNA finger printing tools Genetically modified organism Target gene Cloning vector Restriction enzyme Modifying enzyme Host cell Polymerase chain reaction methods

  3. At the end of the lesson, you should be able to : • Explain Recombinant DNA Technology (genetic engineering) • Explain gene cloning and its application. • List the tools used in recombinant DNA technology. • Explain restriction enzyme

  4. About DNA… • Presents in a chromosome cell and contains genetic information for all living organisms.

  5. Genetic Engineering

  6. What is genetic engineering…? The ability to take a specific gene from one cell and place it into another cell where it is expressed @ the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes.

  7. What is genetic engineering…? What is genetic engineering…? New DNA made by combining different DNA pieces is known as recombinant DNA.

  8. Biotechnology The manipulation of living organisms of their components to produce useful products.

  9. Biotechnology • Used various techniques to changed living organisms at the molecular level to produce/ provide good product and services. • Often referred to as genetic engineering.

  10. Recombinant DNA Technology

  11. Recombinant DNA Technology • Special techniques produced from genetic engineering process. • Technology that produced any DNA molecule made ‘in vitro’ with segments from different sources/by combining genes from different organisms.

  12. Recombinant DNA Technology • A new field of biology - started in the mid 1970’s • Permits the formation of new combinations of genes • By isolating genes from the organisms • And introducing them into either a similar or unrelated organism.

  13. Recombinant DNA Technology • By this method • foreign DNA may be inserted not only in the simple single cells of bacteria but also into cells from the bodies of complex organisms • once inside the cells, this foreign DNA may be expressed.

  14. Recombinant DNA Technology :Gene Cloning

  15. Gene cloning • DNA cloning is using the DNA manipulation procedures to produce multiple copies of a single gene or segment of DNA.

  16. Gene cloning Stages in gene cloning Gene preparation Vector insertion Detection of cloned gene Host cell transformation

  17. Gene cloning Stages in gene cloning Gene preparation

  18. Gene cloning Stages in gene cloning Vector insertion

  19. Gene cloning Stages in gene cloning Host cell transformation

  20. Recombinant DNA Technology : Tools

  21. Tools… DNA (gene) source DNA cloning vector DNA ligase Restriction enzyme Host cell

  22. Chapter review… Gene technology Types YAC Polymerase chain reaction Target gene bacteriophage Taq Polymerase cosmid plasmid Cloning vector DNA ligase Tools of DNA Recombinant Technology Modifying enzyme Types characteristics Host cell Restriction enzyme E. coli characteristic Types Palindromic sequence concept EcoRI SmaI

  23. Restriction enzymes Enzymes for cutting DNA…

  24. Restriction enzymes • Class of enzyme that recognizes specific base sequences of DNA and cut / cleaves the DNA molecular at that side. • Today, more than 800 different types known.

  25. Restriction enzymes • In natural, these enzymes protect the bacteria against intruding (interfering) DNA/RNA from another organism like viruses. • The bacterial DNA was modified, so that it was immuned to its own restriction enzyme

  26. Restriction enzymes • Have ability to splice through DNA at specific sequence - different restriction enzyme cut a particular base sequences, called restriction sites. Characteristics

  27. Restriction enzymes

  28. Restriction enzymes • This enzymes recognizepalindromic base sequences. Characteristics

  29. Restriction enzymes The base sequences of one strand reads the same as its compliment strands Characteristics palindrome

  30. Restriction enzymes Characteristics palindrome SPELL THIS! M A D A M

  31. Restriction enzymes • Example : Characteristics 5’ 3’ G A A T T C C T T A A G 3’ 5’

  32. Restriction enzymes • RE hydrolyze the phophodiesterbackbone of each strand Characteristics

  33. Restriction enzymes Characteristics RE can produce two types of cutting pattern : • sticky end (EcoRI) • blunt end (SmaI)

  34. Restriction enzymes Characteristics EcoRI cutting pattern

  35. Restriction enzymes Characteristics SmaI cutting pattern

  36. Several types of restriction enymes Types of RE

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