EPA04 T3.2 Reduced order models for Building Interzonal Transport

1. Jensen Zhang (PI), H. Ezzat Khalifa, Mikael Salonvaara, Andreas Nicolai, and John Grunewald EPA04 T3.2 Reduced order models for Building Interzonal Transport

2. Envisioned i-BES Occupant Satisfaction: ~100% >90% >80% 80% (ASHRAE Standards) Goals: IEQ Building Security Energy Efficiency Personal ventilation Smart furniture Wearable air purifier Occupant Personal Env. Outdoor Airshed Zone/ Room Multizone Building Material selection Room air cleaner Room ventilation Envelope system Material selection HVAC system Multi-level Controls: 3 2 1 0

3. Modeling Airflow and Pollutant Dispersion Pattern Around a building (by G. Ahmadi et al.) Across the building envelope Inside a multizone building In a single zone/room An essential element for i-BES development… • Challenges: • Combined heat, air, moisture and pollutant transport in building structure • A reduced-order model for real time control • Optimal sensor placement and networking

4. The Problem and Research Needs • i-BES control requires real/near real time prediction of pollutant transport: • Reduced-order models • Efficient coupling of different component models • Need-based multi-level/scale modeling • Integrated BES design and optimization: • IEQ • Energy • Cost-effectiveness • Exposure/performance prediction at different stages of building: system design • Single zone • 2-5 zones • Detailed multizone analysis • Spatial distribution analysis (CFD)

5. Research Objectives • The Ultimate Goal: • Develop reduced-order models that can be used for BES analysis, optimization and control (T5). • Specific Objectives for EPA04 Project (3 years): • Develop a multizone simulation model (called CHAMP-Multizone) that couples the pollutant and thermal transport analysis, and integrate the interzonal flow analysis with the detailed CHAMP-Envelope model developed in EPA03 program. • Develop a reduced-order-model to account for the incomplete mixing in large spaces when modeling the multizone pollutant transport. • Evaluate the model by full-scale measurements in the BEESL and/or TIEQ Laboratory multizone testbed using tracer gases

6. A System Model for CHAMP Transport in BES CHAMP --- Combined Heat, Air, Moisture and Pollutants CHAMP-Multizone and a POD model will be developed in EPA04 Envelope model HVAC model Design or Control Parameters Predicted BES Performance & Dynamics Multi- zone model Room model Shared databases* *Databases: Material Properties; Pollutant Properties; Sources & Sinks; Weather

7. Task list

8. CHAMP multizone environment • Integrate detailed building envelope model with multizone and whole building simulation models

9. Task 1 • System architecture • External coupling

10. Task 2 • Room model • Single zone • CFD to POD

11. Task 3 • Implementation of CHAMP multizone • Coupling between modules • Benchmark cases

12. Task 4 • Validation of CHAMP-multizone in the Multizone Testbed

13. 3rd CHAMP Developers’ Workshop, June 19-20, 06 • Workshop Objectives • Review selected state-of-the-art simulation models for building envelope, HVAC, single ventilated space/room, multizone building and urban environmental systems to identify methods for software interaction and integration to form an integrated simulation environment. • CHAMPS/SU • IBECS/UTRC • CONTAM/NIST • CHAMPS-Envelope/SU • HVAC and EnergyPlus/FSEC & DOE • ROOM-CFD & Reduced-order models/SU & Purdue • Virtual building---object oriented database/Univ. of Tokyo • Develop a roadmap for integration of the different simulation models and for collaboration among interested developers.

14. 3rd CHAMP Developers’ Workshop, June 19-20, 06 • Major Coupling/Integration Issues Discussed • Simulation tools-people-processes • Practicality-education/training-benefit analysis/demonstration • Levels of details in input and output for applications at different design stages • Hierarchical applications (from macro/order of magnitude estimate to detailed simulations depending on the purposes) • Filtering of input and output data • Coupling approaches • Internal and/or external coupling? How? • Time step control/coordination: convergence criteria • Interfaces for data transfer • IFC or XML-based (e.g., GBMXL)? • Common/shared databases • Building materials, HVAC equipment, weather, pollutant sources and sinks • Virtual building – object oriented database

15. 3rd CHAMP Developers’ Workshop, June 19-20, 06 • Summary of Outcomes • People vs. software coupling; Needs must be identified • Different level of details • Design goes from rough to detailed analysis • Multilevel control systems require different level of predictions • What accuracy is needed? Both mean and variance are important. • Communication between models • One-way feedback/Interlaced feedback • Two-way data transfer and execution control • Model coupling in steps • MASTER program is needed to control the sub-programs • External coupling through input-output modules • First suggested models for coupling • CHAMP, CONTAM and E+ have capabilities for coupling • Levels for coupling • Building Envelope model and Single Zone (lumped) model • CHAMP, CONTAM, E+ • CHAMP + Multizone model • CHAMP + Room/CFD/POD • Build upon existing methodologies • UTRC/IBECS • EPA/MIMS (Multimedia Integrated Modeling System)