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SEGMENT 5

SEGMENT 5. Collaborative Computing Technologies: Group Support Systems. Collaborative Computing Technologies: Group Support Systems. People Perform groupwork Need to collaborate Need to communicate. Opening Vignette: Chrysler SCORES with Groupware.

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SEGMENT 5

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  1. SEGMENT 5 Collaborative Computing Technologies: Group Support Systems

  2. Collaborative Computing Technologies: Group Support Systems People • Perform groupwork • Need to collaborate • Need to communicate

  3. Opening Vignette: Chrysler SCORES with Groupware • Chrysler used groupware to enhance collaboration and communication with suppliers • Identify waste in the Value Chain • Eliminate the waste

  4. Solution • Lotus Notes Application • Extended Enterprise System • Incentives for suppliers to contribute • Vendor relationship system • Provides a competitive advantage

  5. SCORE Benefits • Enhanced relationships with suppliers • Better-quality purchasing practices • Better quality product • Lower costs (in 2000: $2 billion)

  6. Groupwork Characteristics • Group performs a task • Different places • Different times • Same or different organizations • Permanent or temporary

  7. More Characteristics • Span managerial levels • Synergy or conflict • Productivity gains / losses • Quick response may be required • Hard to meet in one place • Multiple sources of knowledge • External expertise

  8. Anytime / Anyplace Collaboration • Enabled by Web • Low cost PCs

  9. Meetings • Joint activity • Equal or near equal status • Outcome depends on participant’s knowledge, etc. • Outcome depends on group composition • Outcome depends on decision-making process • Disagreement settled by rank or negotiation

  10. Groupware • To support groupwork / meetings … • Computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) • Software that provides collaborative support to groups

  11. Communication Support • Vital • Needed for collaboration • Modern information technologies provide inexpensive, fast, capable, reliable means of supporting communication • Internet / Web

  12. Supporting Communication • Word of mouth • Delivery persons • Horseback • Snailmail • Telegraph • Telephone • Radio • Television • Videoconferencing • Internet / Web

  13. Nonverbal Communication • Important issue • Not captured by most communication systems

  14. Supporting Collaboration (CSCW) • People work together • Group Support Systems (GSS) • Groupware: • Electronic meeting systems • Electronic conferencing systems

  15. A Time/Place Framework • Same Time / Same Place Decision Room • Same Time / Different Place Video Conference • Different Time / Same Place via Internet • Different Time / Different Place

  16. Time/Place Communication Framework Same Time Different Time GSS in a Decision Room Web-based GSS Multimedia Presentation Systems Whiteboard Document sharing GSS in a Decision Room Web-based GSS Workflow management system Document sharing Email, Vmail Same Place Web-based GSS Whiteboard Email, Vmail Workflow management system Document sharing Computer conferencing with memory Web-based GSS Whiteboard Document sharing Videoconferencing Audioconferencing Computer conferencing Email, Vmail Different Place

  17. Groupware • Lotus Notes / Domino Server Includes Learning Space • Netscape Collabra Server • Microsoft NetMeeting • Novell Groupwise • GroupSystems • TCBWorks • WebEx

  18. Group Support Systems • Goal: to support groupwork • Increase benefits / decrease losses of collaboration • Based on • Nominal Group Technique • Delphi Method • Electronic Meeting System (EMS)

  19. Important Features • Parallelism • Anonymity • Lead to process gains and task gains

  20. GSS Process Gains • Parallel information processing / flow • Larger groups can participate • Rapid computer discussions • Quiet people can participate equally • Noisy people can’t strongly drive meeting • Saves travel time (millions $ / year)

  21. GSS Process Losses • Free-riding • Flaming

  22. GSS Technologies • Decision room • Multiple use facility • Web-based

  23. The Decision (Electronic Meeting) Room • 12 to 30 networked personal computers • Usually recessed • Server PC • Large-screen projection system • Breakout rooms • Need a Trained Facilitator for Success

  24. Cool Rooms US Air Force Source: Groupsystem.com, Tuscon, AZ, www.groupsystems.com

  25. Cool Rooms IBM Corp. Source: Groupsystem.com, Tuscon, AZ, www.groupsystems.com

  26. Cool Rooms Murraysville School District Bus Source: Groupsystem.com, Tuscon, AZ, www.groupsystems.com

  27. Few OrganizationsUse Decision Rooms • High Cost • Need for a Trained Facilitator • Software Support for Cooperative Tasks, NOT Conflict Issues • Infrequent Use • Different Place / Different Time Needs • May Need More Than One

  28. Other Technologies • Multiple Use Facility • Cheaper • Still need a facilitator • Web-based • Cheaper: no extra hardware needed • Still need facilitator

  29. GroupSystems • From Groupsystems.com, Tucson, AZ • Comprehensive groupware • Windows & Web versions • Leading software

  30. GroupSystems Activities • Agenda • Electronic Brainstorming • Group Outliner • Topic Commenter • Categorizer • Vote Others

  31. GSS Meeting Process • Idea generation • Idea organization • Prioritizing • Idea generation Iterate until solution is reached

  32. Why GSS? • Successful • Need • Organizational commitment • Executive sponsor • Operating sponsor • User-seductive interface • Dedicated well-trained facilitator • Good planning

  33. Distance Learning (DL) • Nontraditional classroom • CSCW / GSS / Groupware • Requires technology • Not new • Effective • Growing fast • Corporate, too

  34. DL Advantages • Just as effective or more • Flexible time • Student can keep job • Student can travel in job • Access anywhere / anytime • Can present new technology cheaply • Can focus on specific skills • Can cost less • Expand classroom size easily

  35. More DL Advantages • Add breadth and depth to course • More one-on-one interaction with instructor (e-mail) • Student/faculty contact time increases • For continuous learners • Attendance is flexible (Careful!) • Discussion technologies • Student attitudes evolve and improve • Impacts (scores) are higher

  36. DL Disadvantages • Fewer social interactions • Less or no on-campus interaction • Communications problems • Students MUST be highly motivated • Students MUST be highly disciplined • Students MUST have effective time management skills • Students MUST be extremely dedicated

  37. More DL Disadvantages • Takes more faculty and staff time • Learner must be more responsible • Students MUST work hard! • Others …

  38. Distance Learning Courseware • Lotus Notes • Microsoft NetMeeting • Novell GroupWise • Learning Space (Lotus Notes) • WebCT • LearnLinc Virtual Classroom

  39. Creativity and Idea Generation • Creativity: Generally a human trait • Creativity and innovation Can create tremendous impacts in organizations

  40. Idea Generation • Electronic Brainstorming • Can be simulated • Can adjust methods • Create more ideas (information overload) • Cognitive maps - useful

  41. Creativity Software that exhibits creativity • Intelligent agents (softbots) • Copycat (creates analogies) • AARON (creates painted art) • Genjam (writes jazz music) • Kurzweil’s Cybernetic Poet (writes poems)

  42. Creativity Software Alternatives • CoBrain

  43. Software that Facilitates Human Creativity • Project KickStart • ThoughtPath • Creative WhackPack • IdeaFisher

  44. GSS and Collaborative Computing Issues and Research • GSS/EMS methods • Web groupware • Distance learning • Virtual organization

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