Segment 2-Module 5 Review & Collaboration

1. Segment 2-Module 5 Review& Collaboration World History Required Component

2. LETS THINK TOGETHER **** Connection to prior knowledge What is WHAT DOES A MONARCH DO? TAKE CONTROL WHITE BOARD…

3. Absolute vs. Constitutional Monarchy

4. Please go to lesson 5.2 andmatch the figure to the correct fact about them ______Ivan the TerribleA. King of Spain-Spanish armada defeated under his rule ______Henry IV B. inspired after visiting Europe to modernized Russia ______Louis XIV C. Executed during French Revolution ______Catherine the GreatD. Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire ______Charles V E. Brought peace to France and improved economy ______Maria TheresaF. longest-ruling female leader of Russia ______Peter the GreatG. only female ruler of Holy Roman Empire ______Joseph II H. known as the ‘Sun King” and built Versailles ______Phillip II I. Believed in enlightened absolutism ______Louis XVI J. creating a secret police force to kill those who opposed him

5. Triumph of Parliament in England • Elizabeth died in 1603 without an heir=reign of the Stuarts • James I of England had problems with Parliament • 1625 James's son Charles I ascended the throne. • English Civil War-1642-1649. • Cavaliers supported Charles. • Roundheads-made up of Puritans and country gentry. Led by Oliver Cromwell • Cromwell’s army defeated the Kings. • 1649 King Charles I was executed.

6. Cromwell’s Rule • Then House of Commons & Lords & Monarchy abolished. • Declared England the “Commonwealth.” • 1653 Cromwell took the title Lord Protector. -Cromwell closed all the theaters. -Said Sunday-only thing one could do was worship. -Encouraged marriages based on love not business. • Cromwell died in 1658. People tired of military rule.

7. 1660 Parliament asked Charles II to come back and rule. • Charles II was very popular. • Reopened theaters • restored Church of England-but tolerated other religions. • His brother James II took over the throne in 1685. • Mistake-Catholic and proud of it. • 1688 Parliament invited Jame’s Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to rule. • They came with their army and James fled to France. “Glorious Revolution.” • William and Mary had to accept English Bill of Rights.

8. The Scientific Revolution • During middle ages focus was on religion • Things in the natural world were accepted as Gods will • 1600s people began questioning old beliefs and challenged the church • Began using accurate observations and measurements in their work=This led to a more accurate view of the natural world, from the stars and planets to nature around them on earth.

9. Great Scientists of the Revolution! Father of modern anatomy 4. Vesalius Sun centered universe 8. Copernicus Developed a type of calculator 1. Pascal Observed blood circulation 5. Harvey Improved Telescope 2. Galileo Laws of Gravity 9. Newton . Earth centered universe 6. Ptolemy Introduced scientific method 3. Bacon Father of Geometry 10. Descartes Properties of fire 7. Lavoisier

10. Modern Science • In the last hundred years, modern science has dramatically altered our day-to-day lives. • Communications, medicine, travel, medicine, agriculture, entertainment, and mass production were all revolutionized during the 20th century.

11. LETS THINK TOGETHER • Connection to real world WRITE ON THE BOARD: WHAT INVENTIONS DO YOU USE EVERY DAY YOU COULDN’T LIVE WITHOUT???

12. The Enlightenment

13. Two Great English Philosophers Thomas Hobbes John Locke Outlook was Optimistic Separation of Church and State • Outlook was Pessimistic • Social Contract – people need to give up some rights protect the majority

14. French & American Philosophers • Baron de Montesquieu believed that power of government should be divided into three branches. These were the executive, the legislative, and the judicial just like we have in the United States today. • Both Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson Believed in the Power of Reason.

15. On the Eve of Revolution Life in each of the 3 estates was very different • Louis 14th and 15th both kings that put France into more debt • 1780s riots started over bad harvests and high prices • -Louis 16th called for the Estates General to meet at Versailles in 1789. • -Third Estate started writing a constitution=“Tennis Court Oath” • -July 14, 1789: 800 Parisians stormed the Bastille, starting French Revolution.

16. Creating a New France • Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen-Said all men were born and should remain free. • October 5 group of women marched to Versailles from Paris demanding to see the king • Wanted king/family to return to Paris. He agreed. For next 3 years royal family lived as virtual prisoners. • Constitution of 1791=limited monarchy in place of an absolute one. • June 1791 royal family tried to escape=caught and brought back to Paris. • Revolutionary groups: sans-culottes & Jacobins wanted to get rid of the monarchy.

17. Radical Days • National Convention-Voted to abolish monarchy in 1792. • Louis 16th on trial as a traitor to France=January 1793 beheaded. • Marie Antoinette was beheaded that October. • Committee of Public Safety created-led by Maximillian Robespierre-reign of terror • Guillotine used to behead people. • July 27, 1794 Robespierre was arrested and executed Constitution of 1795 created the Directory. Ruled till 1799.

18. The Age of Napoleon Begins • Napoleon was famous soldier who won many battles and was quickly promoted to General • 1799 helped to overthrow the Directory and set up a 3 man governing board called the Consulate. • He took the title “First Consul.” • 1804 he made himself Emperor of the French. • Lots of reforms: • Set up public school under govt. control. • Controlled prices. • Built roads and canals. • Encouraged new industries. • Peace with the Catholic Church. • Napoleonic Code • Redrew map of Europe

19. The End of Napoleon • He imposed high taxes • 1812-600,000 French soldiers marched into Russia. Only 20,000 soldiers survived. • European nations started to rebel against French rule • 1814 allied nations forced Napoleon into exile in Elba which he soon after escaped from and made himself head of France once more • Austria, Britain, Russia and Prussia joined together to defeat Napoleon-1815 Napoleon lost to the Duke of Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo • Exiled to St. Helena and died there in 1821

20. Causes & Effects of the French Revolution-Grab a whiteboard tool and start writing!

21. How to read an exam question LC = Low Complexity: This means you need to use MEMORY & RECALL The answer is ‘right there’ One step – recall a fact These are BIG Picture and Major Idea questions. Knowing Dates, Places, Events will answer the question.

22. How to read an exam question MC = Medium Complexity: This means you need to Figure Something Out. Two Steps Required: Search & Find information Solve a Problem Figure out what comes next What does the author mean?

23. How to read an exam question HC = High Complexity: This means you need to Dig Deep & Think!! High Give an opinion & back it up Use old ideas to make new ideas Take it apart & put it back together

24. (05.02 MC) Explain a difference between the constitutional monarchy established in England and the absolute monarchy established in Spain? A. The people were the primary decision makers in England, while a small governing body held the majority of the power in Spain. B. There was a separation of powers among the political leaders in England, while the Spanish monarch held complete power over the people. C. The monarch held sole control over all decisions in England, while the monarch shared his power with a governing body in Spain. D. There was a single, democratically elected leader in England, while there was a dictator who held sole government power in Spain.

25. (05.02 MC) Explain a difference between the constitutional monarchy established in England and the absolute monarchy established in Spain? A. The people were the primary decision makers in England, while a small governing body held the majority of the power in Spain. B. There was a separation of powers among the political leaders in England, while the Spanish monarch held complete power over the people. C. The monarch held sole control over all decisions in England, while the monarch shared his power with a governing body in Spain. D. There was a single, democratically elected leader in England, while there was a dictator who held sole government power in Spain.

26. (05.05 LC.)What contribution did Thomas Hobbes make to the Enlightenment? A. He led European nations to form diplomatic alliances. B. He developed a theory of the social contract. C. He wrote and argued for a system of liberal economics. D. He helped to end the Glorious Revolution in England.

27. (05.05 LC.)What contribution did Thomas Hobbes make to the Enlightenment? A. He led European nations to form diplomatic alliances. B. He developed a theory of the social contract. C. He wrote and argued for a system of liberal economics. D. He helped to end the Glorious Revolution in England.

28. (05.05 HC) Use this excerpt from the U.S. Declaration of Independence to answer the following question: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." In what way does this excerpt illustrate that the American break with Britain in 1776 was justified using ideas rooted in the Enlightenment? A. It rejected the authority of the Church as legitimate. B. It rejected the authority of the monarch as legitimate. C. It advocates the centrality of economics to politics. D. It advocates the separation of religion and politics.

29. (05.05 HC) Use this excerpt from the U.S. Declaration of Independence to answer the following question: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." In what way does this excerpt illustrate that the American break with Britain in 1776 was justified using ideas rooted in the Enlightenment? A. It rejected the authority of the Church as legitimate. B. It rejected the authority of the monarch as legitimate. C. It advocates the centrality of economics to politics. D. It advocates the separation of religion and politics.

30. (05.06 MC) How did the French Revolution change the national identity of the French people? A. After the Revolution, French identity became more centered on the culture of the local regions. B. The Revolution encouraged a rejection of monarchies with no historical legitimacy to rule. C. The abuses of power by revolutionaries made the French far more accepting of leaders. D. The Revolution convinced people that they were no longer subjects of a king but citizens of a nation.

31. (05.06 MC) How did the French Revolution change the national identity of the French people? A. After the Revolution, French identity became more centered on the culture of the local regions. B. The Revolution encouraged a rejection of monarchies with no historical legitimacy to rule. C. The abuses of power by revolutionaries made the French far more accepting of leaders. D. The Revolution convinced people that they were no longer subjects of a king but citizens of a nation.